Sherman J W
Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-2710, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1996 Jun;70(6):1126-41. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.70.6.1126.
A mixed model of stereotype representation was tested. Experiment 1 examined the development of stereotypes about novel groups. Results showed that, at low levels of experience, stereotypic group knowledge is derived from information about particular group exemplars. However, as experience increases, an abstract group stereotype is formed that is stored and retrieved independently of the exemplars on which it was based. Results of Experiment 2 suggest that preexisting stereotypes about well-known groups are represented as abstract structures in memory. These results indicate that stereotypical knowledge is most likely to be exemplar-based in the absence of abstract stereotypes. The implications of these findings for other aspects of stereotyping and social perception are discussed.
对一种刻板印象表征的混合模型进行了测试。实验1考察了对新群体刻板印象的发展。结果表明，在经验水平较低时，刻板群体知识源于关于特定群体范例的信息。然而，随着经验的增加，会形成一种抽象的群体刻板印象，它独立于其所基于的范例进行存储和提取。实验2的结果表明，关于知名群体的既有刻板印象在记忆中以抽象结构的形式呈现。这些结果表明，在没有抽象刻板印象的情况下，刻板知识最有可能基于范例。讨论了这些发现对刻板印象和社会认知其他方面的影响。
