Taylor S E, Kemeny M E, Aspinwall L G, Schneider S G, Rodriguez R, Herbert M
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-1563.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1992 Sep;63(3):460-73. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.63.3.460.
In a cohort of gay men responding to the threat of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), dispositional optimism was associated with less distress, less avoidant coping, positive attitudes as a coping strategy, and fewer AIDS-related concerns. Men who knew they were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were significantly more optimistic about not developing AIDS than men who knew they were seronegative for HIV. This AIDS-specific optimism was related to higher perceived control over AIDS and to active coping among seropositive men only and to health behaviors in both serostatus groups. There was no relation of optimism to risk-related sexual behavior. It is concluded that optimism is psychologically adaptive without necessarily compromising health behavior. It is also concluded that it is useful to distinguish between event-based optimistic expectations and dispositional optimism.
在一群应对后天免疫机能丧失综合症（艾滋病）威胁的男同性恋者中，性格乐观与较少的痛苦、较少的回避应对、作为应对策略的积极态度以及较少的与艾滋病相关的担忧相关。知道自己人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）血清呈阳性的男性比知道自己HIV血清呈阴性的男性对不患艾滋病明显更乐观。这种特定于艾滋病的乐观与对艾滋病更高的感知控制、仅在血清呈阳性的男性中的积极应对以及两个血清状态组中的健康行为有关。乐观与风险相关的性行为没有关系。得出的结论是，乐观在心理上具有适应性，而不一定会损害健康行为。还得出结论，区分基于事件的乐观期望和性格乐观是有用的。
