KOSTERLITZ H W, WALLIS D I
Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1964 Jun;22(3):499-510. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1964.tb01704.x.
Experiments on nerves in situ and on isolated nerves provide no evidence that morphine interferes with impulse transmission in myelinated or nonmyelinated nerve fibres. The concentrations used in experiments on isolated nerves were 10- to 100-times as high as those required to depress transmission at autonomic nerve-effector cell junctions. Examination of the resting membrane potential, the action potential and the positive after-potential, the conduction velocity, the time courses of the recovery of the size of the action potential and of the excitability after a conditioning stimulus, the ability of the axons to sustain repetitive activity and the posttetanic hyperpolarization gave no indication that morphine affects either the mechanisms involved in the initiation of the propagated impulse or those leading to restoration of the resting state after activity. Analgesic drugs, such as pethidine and methadone which have a local anaesthetic action, may cause a reversible decrease in the size of the compound action potential and in the conduction velocity of A-B and C fibres.
对原位神经和离体神经进行的实验没有提供证据表明吗啡会干扰有髓或无髓神经纤维中的冲动传递。在离体神经实验中所使用的浓度比抑制自主神经 - 效应器细胞连接处传递所需浓度高10至100倍。对静息膜电位、动作电位和正后电位、传导速度、动作电位大小恢复的时间进程以及在条件刺激后兴奋性的时间进程、轴突维持重复活动的能力和强直后超极化的研究均未表明吗啡会影响与传播冲动的起始相关的机制或活动后导致恢复静息状态的机制。具有局部麻醉作用的镇痛药,如哌替啶和美沙酮,可能会使复合动作电位的大小以及A - B和C纤维的传导速度出现可逆性降低。