Elaad E, Ginton A, Jungman N
Division of Identification and Forensic Science, Israel National Police Headquarters, Jerusalem.
J Appl Psychol. 1992 Oct;77(5):757-67. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.77.5.757.
The present study provides a first attempt to compare the validity of the respiration line length (RLL) and skin resistance response (SRR) amplitude in real-life criminal guilty knowledge tests (GKTs). GKT records of 40 innocent and 40 guilty Ss, for whom actual truth was established by confession, were assessed for their accuracy. When a predefined decision rule was used and inconclusive decisions were excluded, 97.4% of the innocent Ss and 53.3% of the guilty Ss were correctly classified with the SRR measure. For the RLL measure, the respective results were 97.2% and 53.1%. The combination of both measures improved detection of guilty Ss to 75.8% and decreased detection of innocent Ss to 94.1%. The combined measure seems to be a more useful means of identifying guilty suspects than each physiological measure alone. The results elaborate and extend those obtained in a previous field study conducted by Elaad (1990).
本研究首次尝试比较在现实生活中的刑事有罪知识测试(GKT)中呼吸线长度(RLL)和皮肤电阻反应(SRR)幅度的有效性。对40名无辜者和40名有罪者的GKT记录进行了准确性评估,这些人的实际情况通过供认得以确定。当使用预定义的决策规则并排除不确定的决策时,使用SRR测量方法,97.4%的无辜者和53.3%的有罪者被正确分类。对于RLL测量方法,相应的结果分别为97.2%和53.1%。两种测量方法相结合,将有罪者的检测率提高到75.8%,将无辜者的检测率降低到94.1%。与单独使用每种生理测量方法相比,组合测量方法似乎是识别有罪嫌疑人更有用的手段。研究结果细化并扩展了埃拉德(1990年)之前进行的一项实地研究所得出的结论。