Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, No.250, Wuxin St., Taipei City, 11031, Taiwan.
Brain and Consciousness Research Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Cogn Res Princ Implic. 2020 Jul 31;5(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s41235-020-00233-6.
The reaction time-based Concealed Information Test (RT-CIT) is a memory paradigm used to detect crime-related knowledge. However, this would also imply that the RT-CIT would be vulnerable to factors that are known to compromise object recognition or memory integrity. From this perspective, one key issue is whether "guilty" memory can be detected if the crime-related images are photographed at different angles from what the perpetrator saw, which is almost always the case in the field. To investigate this, here we manipulated the deviation angles, from 0° to 330° in 11 steps, between the study and test phases to assess how the RT-CIT holds up against angular rotations.
We observed a robust RT-CIT effect at all deviation angles for both deep-encoders (Experiment 1) and shallow-encoders (Experiment 2). The RT-CIT was effective within the first 250 or so trials for both encoding groups, with smaller probe-irrelevant differences beyond that.
With appropriate encoding and memory strength, RT-CIT images do not necessarily have to match the exact angle of the perpetrator's perspective at the time of the crime. Unnatural angles such as 90° and 270° or unconventional rotational axes may require caution. Trial number under 250 trials show maximal Probe-Irrelevant difference, but more trials may add power to improve detection accuracy.
基于反应时的隐藏信息测试（RT-CIT）是一种用于检测与犯罪相关知识的记忆范式。然而，这也意味着 RT-CIT 可能容易受到已知会损害对象识别或记忆完整性的因素的影响。从这个角度来看，一个关键问题是，如果犯罪相关的图像是从犯罪者看到的不同角度拍摄的，那么是否可以检测到“有罪”的记忆，而在实际情况下，这种情况几乎总是如此。为了调查这一点，我们在这里操纵了研究和测试阶段之间的偏差角度，从 0°到 330°，分为 11 个步骤，以评估 RT-CIT 如何抵抗角度旋转。
我们观察到，在所有偏差角度下，深度编码器（实验 1）和浅层编码器（实验 2）都表现出了强大的 RT-CIT 效应。对于这两个编码组，RT-CIT 在最初的 250 次左右的试验中是有效的，之后的探针无关差异较小。
只要编码和记忆强度适当，RT-CIT 图像不一定必须与犯罪时犯罪者视角的精确角度匹配。不自然的角度，如 90°和 270°，或非常规的旋转轴可能需要谨慎。试验次数少于 250 次时，探针无关差异最大，但更多的试验可能会增加检测准确性。
