Caplan L S, Wells B L, Haynes S
Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.
J Gerontol. 1992 Nov;47 Spec No:101-10.
Screening mammography for early detection of breast cancer has been shown to be an effective method for reducing mortality in older women. Based on the results from the 1987-88 National Health Interview Survey, older minority women have low prevalence rates of screening mammography. Among women aged 75 and older, 83.5% of Black women, 93.2% of Hispanic women, and 75.0% of White women have never had a mammogram. On the average, about 12% of minority women over the age of 65 have had a screening mammogram within the preceding year, compared with about 15% of White women. Among women 75 + years of age, Black and Hispanic women had markedly lower rates of clinical breast examination in the last year (23.4% and 20.5% respectively) as compared to White women (35.2%). The most common reason for not having a mammogram among Black women 65 years of age and older was that the doctor did not recommend a mammogram. For Hispanic and White women in this age group, the most common reason was that a mammogram was not needed or not necessary. Aggressive and creative breast cancer screening activities for minority aged 65 and older are clearly indicated.
乳腺钼靶筛查用于早期发现乳腺癌，已被证明是降低老年女性死亡率的有效方法。根据1987 - 1988年国家健康访谈调查的结果，老年少数族裔女性的乳腺钼靶筛查普及率较低。在75岁及以上的女性中，83.5%的黑人女性、93.2%的西班牙裔女性和75.0%的白人女性从未进行过乳房X光检查。平均而言，65岁以上的少数族裔女性中，约12%的人在前一年进行过乳腺钼靶筛查，而白人女性这一比例约为15%。在75岁及以上的女性中，与白人女性（35.2%）相比，黑人女性和西班牙裔女性去年的临床乳房检查率明显较低（分别为23.4%和20.5%）。65岁及以上黑人女性未进行乳房X光检查的最常见原因是医生未建议进行乳房X光检查。对于该年龄组的西班牙裔和白人女性，最常见的原因是不需要或没必要进行乳房X光检查。显然需要针对65岁及以上少数族裔开展积极且有创意的乳腺癌筛查活动。
