Ekpo E B, Udofia O, Eshiet N F, Andy J J
College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Nigeria.
J Hum Hypertens. 1992 Aug;6(4):275-80.
Demographic, life style and anthropometric correlates of blood pressure were analysed in 5,200 civil servants, factory and plantation workers living in an urban setting in the South Eastern part of Nigeria. The subjects were 4,382 men (84.2%) and 818 (15.8%) women. The prevalence of hypertension, using the WHO criteria among the workers was 8.1%, and was lower in women than men, 3.5% and 8.9% respectively. Only 19.6% of the hypertensive population knew that they had hypertension, whilst 29.4% of the total population under study gave a positive family history of hypertension. The blood pressure and the prevalence of hypertension rose with age, number of children in the family, salary scale and with the number of cigarettes smoked per day. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in medium and heavy drinkers than the non-drinkers and light drinkers. The prevalence was also higher in medium and heavy smokers. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant positive relation between the systolic blood pressure and sex, age, marital status, number of children in the family, salary scale, tobacco consumption and weight (P less than 001). On the other hand, occupation (P less than 01) educational qualification (P less than 001), support system (P less than 03) and height (P less than 001) had significant negative relationships with systolic blood pressure. There was also a significant positive relation between the diastolic blood pressure and number of children in the family (P less than 002) and salary scale (P less than 001). It is suggested that hypertension screening and treatment should be incorporated in the primary health care programmes of African communities.
对居住在尼日利亚东南部城市地区的5200名公务员、工厂工人和种植园工人的人口统计学、生活方式及人体测量学与血压的相关性进行了分析。研究对象中男性有4382人（84.2%），女性有818人（15.8%）。按照世界卫生组织的标准，这些工人中高血压的患病率为8.1%，女性患病率低于男性，分别为3.5%和8.9%。只有19.6%的高血压患者知道自己患有高血压，而在整个研究人群中，有29.4%的人有高血压家族史阳性。血压及高血压患病率随年龄、家庭子女数量、工资级别以及每日吸烟量的增加而上升。中度和重度饮酒者的高血压患病率高于不饮酒者和轻度饮酒者。中度和重度吸烟者的患病率也较高。多元回归分析显示，收缩压与性别、年龄、婚姻状况、家庭子女数量、工资级别、烟草消费量及体重之间存在显著正相关（P<0.001）。另一方面，职业（P<0.01）、教育程度（P<0.001）、支持系统（P<0.03）及身高（P<0.001）与收缩压存在显著负相关。舒张压与家庭子女数量（P<0.002）和工资级别（P<0.001）之间也存在显著正相关。建议将高血压筛查和治疗纳入非洲社区的初级卫生保健项目中。
