Brouwer D H, Brouwer E J, van Hemmen J J
TNO Medical Biological Laboratory, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
Ann Occup Hyg. 1992 Aug;36(4):373-84. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/36.4.373.
In bulb farming the use of pesticides for crop protection and bulb disinfection is extensive. To estimate long-term occupational exposure to pesticides, generic levels of exposure specific to the method of working were needed. In order to derive these values, dermal and inhalation exposure to the fungicide mixture zineb/maneb was assessed for different methods of mixing and loading a wettable powder formulation. Further, dermal exposure was also assessed for two methods of disinfection of bulbs. Observed exposure was expressed in terms of method-specific levels of exposure, which makes it possible to compare exposure resulting from different methods of working, with respect to the amount of pesticide handled, or whether ladling the pesticide with a scoop or dipping the bulbs using baskets resulted in high exposure. Moreover, the relative importance of dermal and inhalation exposure routes was estimated. The results show that during mixing and loading with bare hands dermal exposure is by far the greater contributor (greater than 99%) to the total estimated exposure. Comparing these results and also some preliminary results of the dermal protection provided by working gloves, with tentative health-based limit values of exposure, emphasize the need for a programme on appropriate dermal protection.
在鳞茎种植中，广泛使用农药来保护作物和对鳞茎进行消毒。为了估计长期职业性接触农药的情况，需要针对具体工作方法确定通用的接触水平。为了得出这些数值，对可湿性粉剂配方的代森锌/代森锰锌杀菌剂混合物，评估了不同混合和装载方法下的皮肤接触和吸入接触情况。此外，还评估了两种鳞茎消毒方法下的皮肤接触情况。观察到的接触情况以特定方法的接触水平表示，这使得能够比较不同工作方法产生的接触情况，无论是就所处理的农药量而言，还是就用铲子舀取农药或用篮子浸泡鳞茎是否导致高接触而言。此外，还估计了皮肤接触和吸入接触途径的相对重要性。结果表明，在徒手混合和装载过程中，皮肤接触对总估计接触量的贡献远远更大（超过99%）。将这些结果以及工作手套提供的皮肤防护的一些初步结果与基于健康的暂定接触限值进行比较，强调了制定适当皮肤防护计划的必要性。
