Roediger H L, Weldon M S, Stadler M L, Riegler G L
Purdue University.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1992 Nov;18(6):1251-69. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.18.6.1251.
In 3 experiments, the implicit memory tests of word fragment and word stem completion showed comparable effects over several variables: Study of words produced more priming than did study of pictures, no levels-of-processing effect occurred for words, more priming was obtained from pictures when Ss imaged the pictures' names than when they rated them for pleasantness, and forgetting rates were generally similar for the tests. A different pattern of results for the first 3 variables occurred under explicit test conditions with the same word fragments or word stems as cues. We conclude that the 2 implicit tests are measuring a similar form of perceptual memory. Furthermore, we argue that both tests are truly implicit because they meet Schacter, Bowers, & Booker's (1989) retrieval intentionality criterion: Levels of processing of words have a powerful effect on explicit versions of the tests but no effect on implicit versions.
在3项实验中，词片段和词干补全的内隐记忆测试在几个变量上呈现出可比的效果：对单词的学习比图片学习产生了更多的启动效应；对单词未出现加工水平效应；当被试想象图片的名称时比评价其愉悦度时，从图片中获得了更多启动效应；并且测试的遗忘率总体相似。在以相同词片段或词干为线索的外显测试条件下，前3个变量出现了不同的结果模式。我们得出结论，这两种内隐测试测量的是相似形式的知觉记忆。此外，我们认为这两种测试都是真正的内隐测试，因为它们符合沙克特、鲍尔斯和布克（1989）的提取意向性标准：单词的加工水平对外显测试版本有强大影响，但对内隐测试版本没有影响。
