McDermott K B, Roediger H L
Department of Psychology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251-1892.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1994 Nov;20(6):1379-90. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.20.6.1379.
Four experiments demonstrate that imagery can promote priming on perceptual implicit memory tests. When Ss were given words during a study phase and asked to form mental images of corresponding pictures, more priming was obtained on a picture fragment identification test than from a study condition in which Ss performed semantic analyses of words. Imaginal priming of picture fragment identification occurred for recoverable fragments, but not for nonrecoverable fragments. The imagery effect was restricted to the imaged type of material: Imagining pictures (when presented with words) enhanced priming on a picture fragment identification test but not on word fragment completion. Similarly, when pictures were presented, imagining the corresponding words increased priming on word fragment completion but not on picture fragment identification. Overall, results support the hypothesis that imagining engages some of the same mechanisms used in perception and thereby produces priming.
四项实验表明，表象能够促进知觉内隐记忆测试中的启动效应。当被试在学习阶段看到单词并被要求对相应的图片形成心理表象时，在图片碎片识别测试中获得的启动效应要比被试对单词进行语义分析的学习条件下更多。图片碎片识别的表象启动效应出现在可恢复的碎片上，而非不可恢复的碎片。表象效应局限于所表象的材料类型：想象图片（当呈现单词时）增强了图片碎片识别测试中的启动效应，但在单词碎片完成测试中则不然。同样，当呈现图片时，想象相应的单词增加了单词碎片完成测试中的启动效应，但在图片碎片识别测试中则没有。总体而言，结果支持了这样一种假设，即想象运用了一些与知觉相同的机制，从而产生启动效应。
