Susser E S, Lin S P
New York State Psychiatric Institute, NY 10032.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992 Dec;49(12):983-8. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820120071010.
We tested the hypothesis that first-trimester exposure to acute food deprivation is a risk factor for schizophrenia. A sharp and time-limited decline in the food intake of the Dutch population following a Nazi blockade in 1944 to 1945 created a unique if tragic natural experiment to test this hypothesis in three regions of Holland (west, north, and south). In the west, or famine region, birth cohorts exposed to severe food deprivation (an average daily ration under 4200 kJ) during the first trimester showed a substantial increase in hospitalized schizophrenia for women but not for men. Relative risks for women were 2.17 for "broad" and 2.56 for "restricted" schizophrenia. Moderate food deprivation during the first trimester (average daily ration under 6300 kJ) was not associated with increased risk of schizophrenia in the famine region. In the north and south regions, numbers were smaller and there was no exposure to severe famine. Birth cohorts exposed to moderate food deprivation during the first trimester showed a trend toward increased risk of schizophrenia for women. These findings give plausibility to the proposition that early prenatal nutrition can have a gender-specific effect on the risk of schizophrenia.
孕早期暴露于急性食物匮乏是精神分裂症的一个风险因素。1944年至1945年纳粹封锁后荷兰人口食物摄入量急剧且限时下降，这在荷兰的三个地区（西部、北部和南部）创造了一个独特的（尽管悲惨）自然实验来检验这一假设。在西部，即饥荒地区，孕早期暴露于严重食物匮乏（日均摄入量低于4200千焦）的出生队列中，女性住院精神分裂症患者大幅增加，男性则不然。“广泛型”精神分裂症女性的相对风险为2.17，“局限型”精神分裂症女性为2.56。在饥荒地区，孕早期中度食物匮乏（日均摄入量低于6300千焦）与精神分裂症风险增加无关。在北部和南部地区，样本数量较少，且没有经历严重饥荒。孕早期暴露于中度食物匮乏的出生队列中，女性患精神分裂症的风险有增加趋势。这些发现使以下观点变得可信：产前早期营养对精神分裂症风险可能有性别特异性影响。
