Flemmer Mark, Oldfield Edward C
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
Am J Gastroenterol. 2003 Sep;98(9):2098-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07672.x.
The authors, who are from the Vessel Sanitation Program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), summarize the recent outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (AGE), which occurred on five different cruise ships. Attack rates among passengers ranged from 4% to 13% and among crew members from 0.2% to 3.3%. Subsequent epidemiological investigations by the CDC suggested that the incidence was higher, approaching 19-41% of passengers. Overall there were 21 outbreaks of AGE on 17 cruise ships, of which nine were documented to be due to norovirus, three due to bacterial agents, and nine of unknown cause. In general, subsequent outbreaks on each cruise ship were of the identical strain of norovirus by reverse transcriptase polymerase reaction, which suggests an embedded source. The authors conclude that in addition to emphasizing basic food and water sanitation measures, control efforts should include thorough and prompt disinfection of ships during cruises and isolation of ill crew-members and passengers for 72 hours.
来自疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）船舶卫生项目的作者总结了近期在五艘不同游轮上发生的急性肠胃炎（AGE）疫情。乘客的感染率在4%至13%之间，船员的感染率在0.2%至3.3%之间。CDC随后的流行病学调查表明，发病率更高，接近乘客的19%-41%。总体而言，17艘游轮上共发生了21起AGE疫情，其中9起被记录为诺如病毒所致，3起由细菌病原体引起，9起因不明。一般来说，通过逆转录酶聚合酶反应，每艘游轮随后爆发的疫情都是同一株诺如病毒，这表明存在一个内在来源。作者得出结论，除了强调基本的食品和饮用水卫生措施外，防控措施还应包括在游轮航行期间对船只进行彻底及时的消毒，以及将患病船员和乘客隔离72小时。
