Campos H, Blijlevens E, McNamara J R, Ordovas J M, Posner B M, Wilson P W, Castelli W P, Schaefer E J
Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Mass. 02111.
Arterioscler Thromb. 1992 Dec;12(12):1410-9. doi: 10.1161/01.atv.12.12.1410.
Using 2-16% gradient gel electrophoresis, we examined low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size in relation to plasma lipoproteins in 1,168 women and 1,172 men from the Framingham Offspring Study. In addition, we studied the effect of dietary intake on LDL size in a subset of the population. Seven LDL size peaks were identified, with the largest, LDL 1, being found in the density range 1.019-1.033 g/ml; LDL 2 and LDL 3 in d = 1.033-1.038 g/ml; LDL 4 and LDL5 in d = 1.038-1.050 g/ml; and the smallest, LDL 6 and 7, in d = 1.050-1.063 g/ml. Seventy-seven percent of the population had one major and at least one minor LDL peak. Secondary LDL peaks accounted for 23% of the total LDL relative area, based on laser scanning densitometry. LDL size distribution was skewed toward larger LDL particles in women (prevalence of LDL 1, 30% and of LDL 2, 31%), whereas men exhibited a more symmetric distribution (prevalence of LDL 3, 42%). The prevalence of small (< 255 A), dense (d > 1.038 g/ml) LDL particles 4-7 was 33% in men, 5% in premenopausal women, and 14% in postmenopausal women. In agreement with previous reports, small, dense LDL particles were significantly (p < 0.0001) associated with increased triglyceride and apolipoprotein (apo) B levels and decreased HDL cholesterol and apo A-I levels. In addition, we found a significant (p < 0.0001) association between LDL cholesterol and LDL size. The highest LDL cholesterol levels were found among women with LDL 4 (148 mg/dl) and men with LDL 3-5 (138 mg/dl). In addition, the presence of LDL 3 or 4 as secondary peaks was significantly associated with higher LDL cholesterol levels, while smaller secondary LDL peaks were associated with higher triglyceride levels. We also found that compared with subjects with optimal LDL cholesterol levels (< 130 mg/dl), individuals with high-risk LDL cholesterol levels (> or = 160 mg/dl) had 1) a higher prevalence of LDL 3 and 4 (women only) and a lower prevalence of LDL 1 and 2 (women only) and 2) 11% higher LDL cholesterol to apo B ratios, even when matched for LDL particle size. Furthermore, low saturated fat and cholesterol intakes were significantly associated (p < 0.01) with smaller LDL particles. Therefore, the identification of small, dense LDL particles per se may not be a good indicator of coronary artery disease risk in population studies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
利用2%-16%的梯度凝胶电泳，我们对弗雷明汉心脏研究后代队列中的1168名女性和1172名男性，检测了低密度脂蛋白（LDL）颗粒大小与血浆脂蛋白的关系。此外，我们在该队列的一个亚组中研究了饮食摄入对LDL大小的影响。共识别出7个LDL大小峰值，其中最大的LDL 1，密度范围为1.019-1.033 g/ml；LDL 2和LDL 3的密度为d = 1.033-1.038 g/ml；LDL 4和LDL5的密度为d = 1.038-1.050 g/ml；最小的LDL 6和LDL 7，密度为d = 1.050-1.063 g/ml。77%的研究对象有一个主要LDL峰值和至少一个次要LDL峰值。根据激光扫描密度测定法，次要LDL峰值占总LDL相对面积的23%。女性的LDL大小分布偏向较大的LDL颗粒（LDL 1的患病率为30%，LDL 2的患病率为31%），而男性的分布更对称（LDL 3的患病率为42%）。小（< 255 Å）、密（d > 为1.038 g/ml）的LDL颗粒4-7在男性中的患病率为33%，绝经前女性为5%，绝经后女性为14%。与既往报道一致，小而密的LDL颗粒与甘油三酯和载脂蛋白（apo）B水平升高以及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和apo A-I水平降低显著相关（p < 0.0001）。此外，我们发现LDL胆固醇与LDL大小之间存在显著关联（p < 0.0001）。LDL 4的女性（148 mg/dl）和LDL 3-5的男性（138 mg/dl）的LDL胆固醇水平最高。此外，LDL 3或4作为次要峰值的存在与较高的LDL胆固醇水平显著相关，而较小的次要LDL峰值与较高的甘油三酯水平相关。我们还发现，与LDL胆固醇水平最佳（< 130 mg/dl）的研究对象相比，LDL胆固醇水平高危（≥ 160 mg/dl）的个体：1）LDL 3和4的患病率更高（仅女性），LDL 1和2的患病率更低（仅女性）；2）即使在LDL颗粒大小匹配的情况下，LDL胆固醇与apo B的比值也高11%。此外，低饱和脂肪和胆固醇摄入与较小的LDL颗粒显著相关（p < 0.01）。因此，在人群研究中，识别小而密的LDL颗粒本身可能不是冠状动脉疾病风险的良好指标。（摘要截断于400字）
