Harris J L, Davidson E C
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King/Drew Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90059.
Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 1992 Dec;4(6):797-801.
Increasingly, social factors are recognized as having a major impact on pregnancy, childbearing, and prenatal care. This review examines some of the more recent societal developments that have influenced health care for pregnant women. Although human gestation is a biologic phenomena, it exists with the social context of personal needs, family, and community of the pregnant women. This social fabric determines the perception, management, and outcome of that gestation. Significant influences to examine include pregnant women in the work force; malpractice concerns of health care providers; issues related to the cost of health care in pregnancy; the legal rights of the pregnant woman versus the legal rights of the fetus; pregnancy and occupational health; and the role of stress in pregnancy outcome.
社会因素对妊娠、分娩及产前护理的重大影响日益受到认可。本综述探讨了一些近期影响孕妇医疗保健的社会发展情况。尽管人类妊娠是一种生物学现象，但它存在于孕妇个人需求、家庭及社区的社会背景之中。这种社会结构决定了妊娠的认知、管理及结果。需要探讨的重大影响因素包括职场中的孕妇；医疗保健提供者的医疗事故担忧；妊娠期间医疗保健费用相关问题；孕妇的法律权利与胎儿的法律权利；妊娠与职业健康；以及压力在妊娠结局中的作用。
