Sundin Eva C, Horowitz Mardi J
Department of Psychology, Umea University, Umea, Sweden.
Psychosom Med. 2003 Sep-Oct;65(5):870-6. doi: 10.1097/01.psy.0000084835.46074.f0.
The main objective of this meta-analysis was to model the relations between a set of independent variables (age and gender of the trauma group, country where the study was performed, year of publication, type of event, time elapsed between event and measurement) and stress symptoms.
Data from 66 studies that used Horowitz's IES to examine the psychological impact of a major life event were subjected to meta-analysis.
Results from hierarchical regression analysis indicated that type of event (episodes of illness and injury, natural and technological disaster, bereavement and loss, violence, sexual abuse, and war exposure) is a strong predictor of levels of intrusive and avoidant symptoms after a traumatic event. Intrusive and avoidant reactions reported by trauma victims tended to decrease linearly over time after the trauma. This finding was supported by the results reported by 20 different studies of stress reactions at two different time points after various events. Gender and cultural difference were relatively insignificant, whereas type of event induced different levels of stress reactions as measured with the IES.
These data provide evidence for the value of the IES as a measure of stress reactions in a number of different populations. Data summarized here will be useful as a comparison resource in future studies of stress response syndromes.
本荟萃分析的主要目的是建立一组自变量（创伤组的年龄和性别、研究开展所在国家、发表年份、事件类型、事件与测量之间的时间间隔）与应激症状之间的关系模型。
对66项使用霍洛维茨创伤后应激评定量表（IES）来检验重大生活事件心理影响的研究数据进行荟萃分析。
分层回归分析结果表明，事件类型（疾病和受伤发作、自然和技术灾难、丧亲和损失、暴力、性虐待以及战争经历）是创伤事件后侵入性症状和回避症状水平的有力预测指标。创伤受害者报告的侵入性反应和回避反应在创伤后往往会随时间呈线性下降。这一发现得到了20项关于不同事件后两个不同时间点应激反应的不同研究报告结果的支持。性别和文化差异相对不显著，而事件类型会导致用IES测量的不同水平的应激反应。
这些数据为IES作为多种不同人群应激反应测量工具的价值提供了证据。此处汇总的数据将作为未来应激反应综合征研究中的比较资源。
