Johannesson Kerstin Bergh, Lundin Tom, Fröjd Thomas, Hultman Christina M, Michel Per-Olof
Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2011 Mar;199(3):162-9. doi: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31820c73d1.
Long-term follow-up after disaster exposure indicates increased rates of psychological distress. However, trajectories and rates of recovery in large samples of disaster-exposed survivors are largely lacking. A group of 3457 Swedish survivors temporarily on vacation in Southeast Asia during the 2004 tsunami were assessed by postal questionnaire at 14 months and 3 years after the tsunami regarding post-traumatic stress reactions (IES-R) and general mental health (GHQ-12). There was a general pattern of resilience and recovery 3 years postdisaster. Severe exposure and traumatic bereavement were associated with increased post-traumatic stress reactions and heightened risk for impaired mental health. The rate of recovery was lower among respondents exposed to life threat and among bereaved. Severe trauma exposure and bereavement seem to have considerable long-term impact on psychological distress and appear to slow down the recovery process. Readiness among health agencies for identification of symptoms and provision of interventions might facilitate optimal recovery.
灾难暴露后的长期随访表明心理困扰发生率增加。然而，在大量灾难幸存者样本中，恢复轨迹和恢复率在很大程度上尚不明确。一组在2004年海啸期间暂居东南亚度假的3457名瑞典幸存者，在海啸发生后的14个月和3年通过邮政问卷对创伤后应激反应（IES-R）和总体心理健康状况（GHQ-12）进行了评估。在灾难发生3年后，总体呈现出恢复和适应的模式。严重暴露和创伤性丧亲与创伤后应激反应增加以及心理健康受损风险升高相关。遭受生命威胁的受访者和丧亲者的恢复率较低。严重创伤暴露和丧亲似乎对心理困扰有相当大的长期影响，并且似乎会减缓恢复进程。卫生机构识别症状和提供干预措施的准备情况可能有助于实现最佳恢复。
