Harwood Chris, Cumming Jennifer, Hall Craig
Sport and Exercise Psychology Research Group, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences at Loughborough University, Leicestershire.
Res Q Exerc Sport. 2003 Sep;74(3):292-300. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2003.10609094.
This study examined the motivational profiles of elite youth athletes to determine whether individual differences in goal orientation corresponded with differential levels of imagery use. Two hundred ninety male (n = 88) and female (n = 202) young athletes (M = 16.6 years, SD = 1.48) completed the Perceptions of Success Questionnaire (POSQ, Roberts, Treasure, & Balague, 1998) to assess dispositional goal orientations and the Sport Imagery Questionnaire (Hall, Mack, Paivio, & Hausenblas, 1998) to assess frequency and function of imagery use. A two-stage cluster analysis on the POSQ scores revealed a three-cluster solution with a multivariate analysis of variance indicating significant differences among cluster groups in imagery use. Athletes in Cluster 3 (higher task/higher ego) used significantly more imagery, regardless of the function than athletes in Cluster 1 (lower task/moderate ego) or Cluster 2 (moderate task/lower ego). These findings are discussed with reference to the role of achievement motivation in influencing young athletes' behavioral investments in mental strategies.
本研究考察了精英青少年运动员的动机概况，以确定目标取向的个体差异是否与意象使用的不同水平相对应。290名年轻运动员（男性88名，女性202名；平均年龄M = 16.6岁，标准差SD = 1.48）完成了成功感知问卷（POSQ，罗伯茨、特雷热和巴拉格，1998年）以评估倾向性目标取向，并完成了运动意象问卷（霍尔、麦克、派维奥和豪森布拉斯，1998年）以评估意象使用的频率和功能。对POSQ分数进行的两阶段聚类分析得出了一个三类解决方案，方差多变量分析表明，在意象使用方面，聚类组之间存在显著差异。与第1组（低任务/中等自我）或第2组（中等任务/低自我）的运动员相比，第3组（高任务/高自我）的运动员无论意象功能如何，使用意象的频率都显著更高。本文结合成就动机在影响年轻运动员对心理策略的行为投入方面的作用对这些发现进行了讨论。
