Klavs Irena, Poljak Mario
Institute of Public Health of the Republic of Slovenia, Trubarjeva 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Croat Med J. 2003 Oct;44(5):545-9.
To determine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in high-risk groups, ie, injecting drug users, patients with sexually transmitted infections, and men who have sex with men, and compare it with the prevalence determined in low-risk group, ie, pregnant women.
Residual sera from specimens obtained from patients with sexually transmitted infections and pregnant women were sampled in syphilis serology laboratories. Saliva specimens were voluntarily obtained from injecting drug users entering methadone maintenance program and once per year from men who have sex with men, at one of their meeting sites. Specimens were labeled only with the type of sentinel population, sampling year, sentinel site code, sex, and age group. Specimens were frozen and stored at -20 degrees C and tested annually for anti-HIV antibodies.
A cumulative total of 1,172 saliva specimens were collected from injecting drug users during 1995-2002, 774 saliva specimens from men who have sex with men during 1996-2002, 6,612 serum specimens from patients with sexually transmitted infections during 1993-2002, and 49,652 serum specimens from pregnant women during 1993-2002. The national annual HIV prevalence estimates for injecting drug users varied between 0% and 0.7% in 2000, for men who have sex with men between 0% in 2002 and 3.4% in 1998, and for patients with sexually transmitted infections from 0% (most calendar years) to 0.5% in 1995. Among specimens obtained from pregnant women, only one tested anti-HIV positive (in 1999), so the prevalence estimate was 0.01% for the particular year.
The prevalence of HIV infection in low-risk heterosexual population is very low and has consistently remained below 5% in all groups with high-risk behavior, including men who have sex with men, who are the most affected population group in Slovenia.
确定高危人群，即注射吸毒者、性传播感染患者及男男性行为者中人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的流行率，并与低危人群（即孕妇）中确定的流行率进行比较。
从性传播感染患者和孕妇的标本中获取的剩余血清在梅毒血清学实验室进行采样。唾液标本从进入美沙酮维持治疗项目的注射吸毒者中自愿获取，并且每年从男男性行为者在其一个会面地点获取一次。标本仅标记有哨点人群类型、采样年份、哨点地点代码、性别和年龄组。标本冷冻后保存在-20℃，并每年检测抗HIV抗体。
1995 - 2002年期间共从注射吸毒者中收集了1172份唾液标本，1996 - 2002年期间从男男性行为者中收集了774份唾液标本，1993 - 2002年期间从性传播感染患者中收集了6612份血清标本，1993 - 2002年期间从孕妇中收集了49652份血清标本。2000年注射吸毒者的全国年度HIV流行率估计值在0%至0.7%之间，男男性行为者在2002年为0%，在1998年为3.4%，性传播感染患者在1995年从0%（大多数年份）至0.5%。在从孕妇获得的标本中，仅一份检测抗HIV呈阳性（1999年），因此该特定年份的流行率估计为0.01%。
低危异性恋人群中HIV感染的流行率非常低，并且在所有具有高危行为的群体中一直保持在5%以下，包括男男性行为者，他们是斯洛文尼亚受影响最严重的人群组。
