Smiley Elita, Cooper Sally-Ann
West of Scotland Higher Training Scheme, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2003 Sep;47 Suppl 1:62-71. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2788.47.s1.26.x.
Depressive episode is one of the most common types of psychiatric illness that occurs in adults with intellectual disabilities.
A comprehensive literature search was undertaken using Medline, PsychLIT and hand-searching of key journals. This paper reviews the evidence and integrates findings, to report how evidence relates to the development of the new Diagnostic Criteria for Psychiatric Disorders for Use with Adults with Learning Disabilities/Mental Retardation[DC-LD] depressive episode criteria.
This area is better researched than many others, providing evidence on clinical symptomatology and presentation. In view of the lack of utility of standard diagnostic criteria developed for use with the general population, and set within the historical context, there are clearly identified reasons for the introduction of DC-LD. The depressive episode category has been informed by the evidence, and field trials showed excellent validity compared with the gold standard of learning disabilities psychiatric assessment.
The DC-LD depressive episode category may improve clinical diagnosis and facilitate research. Its usefulness and limitations are yet to be determined in detail.
抑郁发作是成年智力障碍患者中最常见的精神疾病类型之一。
使用医学文献数据库（Medline）、心理学文摘数据库（PsychLIT）并手工检索主要期刊进行全面的文献检索。本文回顾证据并整合研究结果，以报告证据与新的《学习障碍/智力迟钝成人精神障碍诊断标准》（[DC-LD]）抑郁发作标准的制定之间的关系。
该领域的研究比许多其他领域更为充分，提供了关于临床症状学和表现的证据。鉴于为普通人群制定的标准诊断标准缺乏实用性，且是在历史背景下制定的，引入DC-LD有明确的原因。抑郁发作类别已依据证据确定，现场试验表明与学习障碍精神科评估的金标准相比具有出色的效度。
DC-LD抑郁发作类别可能会改善临床诊断并促进研究。其效用和局限性尚待详细确定。
