Morse J M, Anderson G, Bottorff J L, Yonge O, O'Brien B, Solberg S M, McIlveen K H
Image J Nurs Sch. 1992 Winter;24(4):273-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.1992.tb00733.x.
After three decades, the efficacy of empathy in the clinical setting remains undocumented. Recently, concerns have been raised that the concept may be inappropriate and even harmful to the nurse-patient relationship. An analysis of the concept indicates that empathy consists of moral, emotive, cognitive and behavioral components. By tracing the integration of this concept into nursing, we suggest that empathy was uncritically adopted from psychology and is actually a poor fit for the clinical reality of nursing practice. Other communication strategies presently devalued, such as sympathy, pity, consolation, compassion and commiseration, need to be reexamined and may be more appropriate than empathy during certain phases of the illness experience. Directions for future research are suggested.
三十年来，共情在临床环境中的有效性仍未得到证实。最近，有人担心这个概念可能不合适，甚至对护患关系有害。对这一概念的分析表明，共情由道德、情感、认知和行为成分组成。通过追溯这一概念在护理中的整合过程，我们认为共情是不加批判地从心理学中采用的，实际上并不适合护理实践的临床现实。目前被贬低的其他沟通策略，如同情、怜悯、安慰、同情和怜悯，需要重新审视，并且在疾病经历的某些阶段可能比共情更合适。本文还提出了未来研究的方向。
