Durbin Dennis R, Kallan Michael, Elliott Michael, Cornejo Rebecca A, Arbogast Kristy B, Winston Flaura K
Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2003 Mar;4(1):58-63. doi: 10.1080/15389580309853.
The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of children's exposure to passenger air bag (PAB) deployments and to determine the relative risk of both minor and more serious nonfatal injuries to restrained children exposed to PABs in frontal impact collisions. Data were collected from 1 December 1998 to 30 November 2001 from a large-scale, child-specific crash surveillance system based on insurance claims, a telephone survey, and on-site crash investigations. Vehicles qualifying for inclusion were State Farm-insured, model year 1990 or newer, and involved in a crash with at least one child occupant < or =15 years of age. Qualifying crashes were limited to those that occurred in 15 states and the District of Columbia. A stratified cluster sample was designed in order to select vehicles (the unit of sampling) for the conduction of a telephone survey with the driver. For cases in which child occupants were seriously injured or killed, in-depth crash investigations were performed. The prevalence of exposure to PABs was calculated as the number of children occupying the right front seat in a PAB deployment crash among all children occupying the right front seat in vehicles equipped with PABs. Complete interview data were obtained on 9,779 vehicles involving 15,341 children. Among PAB-exposed children, 175 (14%) suffered serious injuries versus 41 (7.5%) of those in the comparison group (OR 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.7). The overall risk of any injury (both minor and serious) was 86% among children exposed to PABs, compared to 55% among the comparison group (OR 5.3; 95% CI, 2.1-13.4). Exposure to PABs increased the risk of both minor injuries, including facial and chest abrasions, and more serious injuries, particularly upper extremity fractures.
本研究的目的是估计儿童接触乘客安全气囊（PAB）展开的发生率，并确定在正面碰撞事故中，受约束儿童接触PAB时遭受轻伤和更严重非致命伤害的相对风险。数据收集于1998年12月1日至2001年11月30日，来自一个基于保险理赔、电话调查和现场碰撞调查的大规模、针对儿童的碰撞监测系统。符合纳入标准的车辆为州立农业保险公司承保、1990年或更新车型年份，且涉及至少一名15岁及以下儿童乘客的碰撞事故。符合条件的碰撞事故仅限于发生在15个州和哥伦比亚特区的事故。设计了分层整群抽样，以便选择车辆（抽样单位）对驾驶员进行电话调查。对于儿童乘客受重伤或死亡的案例，进行了深入的碰撞调查。PAB暴露的发生率计算为在配备PAB的车辆中，所有坐在右前座位的儿童中，在PAB展开碰撞事故中坐在右前座位的儿童数量。获得了涉及15341名儿童的9779辆车的完整访谈数据。在接触PAB的儿童中，175名（14%）受重伤，而对照组为41名（7.5%）（比值比2.0；95%置信区间，1.1 - 3.7）。接触PAB的儿童中，任何伤害（包括轻伤和重伤）的总体风险为86%，而对照组为55%（比值比5.3；95%置信区间，2.1 - 13.4）。接触PAB增加了轻伤（包括面部和胸部擦伤）以及更严重伤害（特别是上肢骨折）的风险。
