Gabauer Douglas J, Gabler Hampton C
Virginia Tech-Wake Forest, Center for Injury Biomechanics Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
Biomed Sci Instrum. 2007;43:1-6.
Longitudinal barriers, such as guardrails, are designed to prevent a vehicle that leaves the roadway from impacting a more dangerous object while minimizing risk of injury to the vehicle occupants. Current full-scale test procedures for these devices do not consider the effect of occupant restraints such as seat belts and airbags. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which restraints are used or deployed in longitudinal barrier collisions and their subsequent effect on occupant injury in these collisions. Analyzing national crash data from 1996 through 2005, airbag deployment in longitudinal barrier crashes was found to be 40 percent for all involved vehicles and 68 percent when considering only airbag-equipped vehicles. Seat belt usage rates were approximately 60 and 80 percent for non-airbag-equipped and airbag-equipped vehicles, respectively. Compared to fully restrained occupants, relative risk of injury for no airbag/belted, airbag/unbelted, and no airbag/unbelted occupants was 1.6, 7, and 11.7, respectively. Despite these large differences in relative risk, however, 95 percent of the occupants in the analyzed data were either uninjured or sustained minor injury, which reinforces the overall effectiveness of these roadside devices.
纵向屏障，如护栏，旨在防止驶离道路的车辆撞上更危险的物体，同时将车内乘客受伤的风险降至最低。目前针对这些装置的全尺寸测试程序并未考虑安全带和安全气囊等乘客约束装置的影响。本研究的目的是确定在纵向屏障碰撞中约束装置的使用或展开程度，以及它们在这些碰撞中对乘客受伤情况的后续影响。通过分析1996年至2005年的全国碰撞数据，发现所有涉事车辆在纵向屏障碰撞中的安全气囊展开率为40%，仅考虑配备安全气囊的车辆时为68%。未配备安全气囊的车辆和配备安全气囊的车辆的安全带使用率分别约为60%和80%。与完全受约束的乘客相比，未配备安全气囊/系安全带、配备安全气囊/未系安全带以及未配备安全气囊/未系安全带的乘客受伤的相对风险分别为1.6、7和11.7。然而，尽管相对风险存在这些巨大差异，但分析数据中95%的乘客未受伤或受轻伤，这强化了这些路边装置的整体有效性。
