Frush Donald P, Donnelly Lane F, Rosen Nancy S
Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Pediatrics. 2003 Oct;112(4):951-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.112.4.951.
Computed tomography (CT) is an extremely valuable diagnostic tool. Recent advances, particularly multidetector technology, have provided increased and more diverse applications. However, there is also the potential for inappropriate use and unnecessary radiation dose. Because some data indicate that low-dose radiation (such as that in CT) may have a significant risk of cancer, especially in young children, it is important to limit CT radiation by following the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principle. There is a variety of strategies to limit radiation dose, including performing only necessary examinations, limiting the region of coverage, and adjusting individual CT settings based on indication, region imaged, and size of the child. The pediatric health care provider has a pivotal role in the performance of CT and may be the only individual who discusses these important CT radiation issues with the child and family. For this reason, this article will summarize the issues with CT patterns of use and radiation risk, and provide dose reduction strategies pertinent to pediatric health care providers.
计算机断层扫描（CT）是一种极其有价值的诊断工具。最近的进展，尤其是多探测器技术，带来了更多样化且应用范围更广的用途。然而，也存在使用不当和不必要辐射剂量的可能性。由于一些数据表明低剂量辐射（如CT中的辐射）可能有患癌的重大风险，尤其是在幼儿中，遵循“尽可能低合理可达”（ALARA）原则来限制CT辐射很重要。有多种策略可限制辐射剂量，包括仅进行必要的检查、限制扫描范围，以及根据指征、成像区域和儿童体型调整CT的各项参数设置。儿科医疗服务提供者在CT检查中起着关键作用，可能是唯一会与儿童及其家庭讨论这些重要的CT辐射问题的人。因此，本文将总结CT使用模式和辐射风险方面的问题，并为儿科医疗服务提供者提供相关的剂量降低策略。
