Henderson Brian, Nair Sean P, Ward John M, Wilson Michael
Cellular Microbiology Research Group, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom.
Annu Rev Microbiol. 2003;57:29-55. doi: 10.1146/annurev.micro.57.030502.090908.
Periodontitis is mankind's most common chronic inflammatory disease. One severe form of periodontitis is localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP), a condition to which individuals of African origin demonstrate an increased susceptibility. The main causative organism of this disease is Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. A member of the Pasteurellaceae, A. actinomycetemcomitans produces a number of interesting putative virulence factors including (a) an RTX leukotoxin that targets only neutrophils and monocytes and whose action is influenced by a novel type IV secretion system involved in bacterial adhesion; (b) the newly discovered toxin, cytolethal distending toxin (CDT); and (c) a secreted chaperonin 60 with potent leukocyte-activating and bone resorbing activities. This organism also produces a plethora of proteins able to inhibit eukaryotic cell cycle progression and proteins and peptides that can induce distinct forms of proinflammatory cytokine networks. A range of other proteins interacting with the host is currently being uncovered. In addition to these secreted factors, A. actinomycetemcomitans is invasive with an unusual mechanism for entering, and traveling within, eukaryotic cells. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular pathogenicity of this fascinating oral bacterium.
牙周炎是人类最常见的慢性炎症性疾病。侵袭性牙周炎的一种严重形式是局限性侵袭性牙周炎（LAP），非洲裔个体对这种疾病的易感性增加。这种疾病的主要病原体是伴放线放线杆菌。作为巴斯德菌科的一员，伴放线放线杆菌产生了许多有趣的假定毒力因子，包括：（a）一种RTX白细胞毒素，仅靶向中性粒细胞和单核细胞，其作用受参与细菌黏附的新型IV型分泌系统影响；（b）新发现的毒素，细胞致死性膨胀毒素（CDT）；以及（c）一种具有强大白细胞激活和骨吸收活性的分泌型伴侣蛋白60。这种微生物还产生大量能够抑制真核细胞周期进程的蛋白质以及可诱导不同形式促炎细胞因子网络的蛋白质和肽。目前正在发现一系列与宿主相互作用的其他蛋白质。除了这些分泌因子外，伴放线放线杆菌具有侵入性，其进入真核细胞并在其中移动的机制不同寻常。本综述重点关注我们对这种迷人的口腔细菌的分子和细胞致病性的最新认识进展。
