Herndon Christopher M, Jackson Kenneth, Fike David S, Woods Tresa
Division of Clinical Affairs, Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical Co., Lubbock, Texas, USA.
Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2003 Sep-Oct;20(5):340-4. doi: 10.1177/104990910302000507.
Hospice and palliative care have undergone dramatic changes in the past 30 years. Educational initiatives and certification programs for physicians (American Board of Hospice and Palliative Medicine) and nurses (National Board for Certification of Hospice and Palliative Nurses) have further delineated this area of practice as distinct from geriatrics, neurology, anesthesiology, or oncology. As other professions assess their own practices of hospice and end-of-life (EOL) care education in their respective schools and colleges, the pharmacy profession must also ensure that its future graduates are prepared to adequately participate in this type of care. This was a descriptive study in which all accredited schools and colleges of pharmacy in the US were queried regarding their level of curricular commitment to EOL care. Eighty-three questionnaires were mailed, and 60 schools responded (72 percent). Four primary informational items regarding EOL and palliative care education were targeted, including availability of didactic teaching, specialization of pharmacy faculty, availability and type of clerkships, and method of instruction. Sixty-two percent of respondents indicated EOL care education was provided didactically (3.89 +/- 1.91 lecture hours per year). Fifty-eight percent of respondents indicated that EOL care experiential clerkships were available (4.97 +/- 1.25 weeks in duration). These data indicate that over half of US pharmacy students receive some exposure to EOL care education.
在过去30年里，临终关怀和姑息治疗发生了巨大变化。针对医生（美国临终关怀与姑息医学委员会）和护士（国家临终关怀与姑息护理认证委员会）的教育倡议和认证项目，进一步明确了这一实践领域与老年医学、神经病学、麻醉学或肿瘤学的不同。随着其他专业评估各自学校和学院中临终关怀与生命末期（EOL）护理教育的实践情况，药学专业也必须确保其未来毕业生做好充分准备，能够参与此类护理。这是一项描述性研究，其中对美国所有获得认证的药学院校就其对EOL护理的课程投入水平进行了询问。共邮寄了83份问卷，60所学校做出了回应（72%）。针对EOL和姑息治疗教育的四个主要信息项目进行了调查，包括理论教学的可用性、药学教师的专业化程度、实习的可用性和类型以及教学方法。62%的受访者表示通过理论教学提供EOL护理教育（每年3.89±1.91讲座小时）。58% 的受访者表示有EOL护理体验实习（时长4.97±1.25周）。这些数据表明，超过一半的美国药学专业学生接受了一些EOL护理教育。
