Pope J F, Skinner J D, Carruth B R
Nutrition Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-1900.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1992 Dec;92(12):1479-82.
Adolescents from 31 eastern Tennessee counties were interviewed during the third trimester of pregnancy (n = 97) and at 1-year postpartum (n = 64) to assess cravings and aversions, beliefs about dietary cravings, and how these factors influence dietary intake. Characteristics of cravings and aversions were assessed using a semistructured interview. Beliefs about cravings during pregnancy were measured with a 13-item Likert-type scale (alpha = 0.79). Two 24-hour recalls and 2 days' food records provided dietary data. Most adolescents (86%) reported cravings during pregnancy. They most frequently reported cravings for sweets, especially chocolate; fruits and fruit juices; fast foods; pickles; ice cream; and pizza. Many participants (66%) experienced aversions during pregnancy toward previously liked foods. The most common aversions were to meats, eggs, and pizza. Fewer cravings and aversions were noted during the first year postpartum. No significant relationship existed between craving and aversions and belief scores. Adolescents craving sweets during pregnancy consumed more sugar and energy than those who did not crave sweets. Cravings generally resulted in increased intake, and aversions led to decreased food consumption. On the basis of these results, we suggest that nutritional assessment of pregnant adolescents include questions about cravings and aversions.
对来自田纳西州东部31个县的青少年在孕期第三个月（n = 97）和产后1年（n = 64）进行了访谈，以评估其渴望和厌恶、对饮食渴望的看法，以及这些因素如何影响饮食摄入。使用半结构化访谈评估渴望和厌恶的特征。用一个包含13个条目的李克特式量表（α = 0.79）来衡量孕期对渴望的看法。两次24小时膳食回顾和两天的食物记录提供了饮食数据。大多数青少年（86%）报告在孕期有渴望。他们最常报告渴望甜食，尤其是巧克力；水果和果汁；快餐；泡菜；冰淇淋；以及披萨。许多参与者（66%）在孕期对以前喜欢的食物有厌恶。最常见的厌恶食物是肉类、鸡蛋和披萨。产后第一年记录到的渴望和厌恶较少。渴望和厌恶与看法得分之间不存在显著关系。孕期渴望甜食的青少年比不渴望甜食的青少年摄入更多的糖和能量。渴望通常会导致摄入量增加，而厌恶则会导致食物摄入量减少。基于这些结果，我们建议对怀孕青少年的营养评估应包括有关渴望和厌恶的问题。
