Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Nutrients. 2020 Nov 22;12(11):3574. doi: 10.3390/nu12113574.
Obesity in pregnancy has been directly associated with an increased risk of almost all pregnancy complications such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and premature delivery. Thereby, according to current evidence available, life-style interventions to prevent pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity in women of fertile age are necessary to reduce the negative impact of obesity on mother and child health. Unhealthy dietary patterns, together with the increased consumption of processed foods rich in simple sugar and sweeteners are some of the responsible, among others, for the increase in obesity rates during the last years. Nevertheless, how its consumption can affect pregnancy outcomes and long-term children's health is still uncertain. This review aims to collate the available evidence about the consequences of unhealthy dietary patterns and sugary products consumption, including sweeteners, during pregnancy for obesity in childhood and mid-childhood. High simple sugar intake during gestation may contribute to an excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) as well as to develop other pregnancy complications such as GDM, preeclampsia and preterm birth. The heterogeneity of study populations, sample size, different approaches to measure GWG, GMD, preeclampsia, and birth weight, among other conditions, might explain the divergences observed among studies. Therefore, large, well-designed intervention-controlled trials with biological biomarkers to ensure dietary adherence are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in order to provide effective nutritional advice.
孕期肥胖与几乎所有妊娠并发症的风险增加直接相关，如妊娠期高血压、先兆子痫、妊娠糖尿病（GDM）和早产。因此，根据现有证据，有必要对育龄妇女进行生活方式干预，以预防孕前超重和肥胖，从而降低肥胖对母婴健康的负面影响。不健康的饮食模式，加上加工食品中富含简单糖和甜味剂的摄入量增加，是导致近年来肥胖率上升的部分原因。然而，其消费如何影响妊娠结局和儿童长期健康仍然不确定。本综述旨在整理有关孕期不健康饮食模式和含糖产品（包括甜味剂）消费对儿童期和中期肥胖影响的现有证据。妊娠期间高糖摄入可能导致过度妊娠体重增加（GWG），并导致其他妊娠并发症，如 GDM、先兆子痫和早产。研究人群、样本量、衡量 GWG、GMD、先兆子痫和出生体重的不同方法以及其他条件的异质性可能解释了研究之间观察到的差异。因此，需要进行大型、精心设计的干预对照试验，并结合生物标志物来确保饮食依从性，以评估生活方式干预的有效性，从而提供有效的营养建议。
