Nougier V, Azemar G, Stein J F, Ripoll H
UFR APS, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France.
J Exp Child Psychol. 1992 Dec;54(3):315-33. doi: 10.1016/0022-0965(92)90023-y.
This study examines the development of controlled covert orienting of visual attention, according to the age and the level of performance of tennis players. Practicers and nonpracticers age 13, 16, and 25 participated in a covert orienting task. On each trial, subjects responded to a target which appeared in one of four locations arrayed horizontally across the display. Three central cues were used: neutral, the cue did not specify in which location the target would appear; valid, the target was present in the cued location on 80% of the trials; invalid, the target was present in one of the uncued locations on the remaining 20% of the trials. The results showed that (1) practicers were not faster than nonpracticers in processing the signals, (2) observers of all ages oriented attention voluntarily to the cued locations, (3) central cues had a smaller effect on older and practiced subjects, and (4) developmental and sport practice factors had similar effects on orienting efficiency. The implications of these findings for theories of attentional development are discussed.
本研究根据网球运动员的年龄和表现水平，考察了视觉注意的受控隐蔽定向的发展。13岁、16岁和25岁的练习者和非练习者参与了一项隐蔽定向任务。在每次试验中，受试者对出现在显示屏水平排列的四个位置之一的目标做出反应。使用了三种中央线索：中性线索，该线索未指明目标将出现在哪个位置；有效线索，在80%的试验中目标出现在线索提示的位置；无效线索，在其余20%的试验中目标出现在未被线索提示的位置之一。结果表明：（1）在处理信号方面，练习者并不比非练习者更快；（2）所有年龄段的观察者都能自愿将注意力导向线索提示的位置；（3）中央线索对年龄较大和有练习经验的受试者影响较小；（4）发展因素和运动练习因素对定向效率有相似的影响。本文讨论了这些发现对注意力发展理论的意义。
