Bayard P J, Berger T G, Jacobson M A
Department of Family and Community Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, CA 94110.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988). 1992 Dec;5(12):1237-57.
Drug hypersensitivity reactions are often observed by clinicians treating patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). For certain drugs, the incidence of these reactions appears to be higher than previously reported in the general population. The best example is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, associated with rash, fever, hematologic disturbances, transaminase elevation, and, less frequently, more severe reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and anaphylactic-like reactions. Other sulfa congeners, pentamidine, antituberculosis regimens containing isoniazid and rifampin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, clindamycin, and thalidomide also have been associated with an increased incidence of adverse reactions, some of which could involve allergic mechanisms. Effective dosage and management strategies are needed to prevent or ameliorate hypersensitivity reactions when they occur.
治疗感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）患者的临床医生经常会观察到药物过敏反应。对于某些药物，这些反应的发生率似乎高于之前在普通人群中的报道。最典型的例子是甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑，它会引发皮疹、发热、血液系统紊乱、转氨酶升高，较少见的是更严重的反应，包括史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征、中毒性表皮坏死松解症和类过敏反应。其他磺胺类同系物、喷他脒、含异烟肼和利福平的抗结核方案、阿莫西林-克拉维酸、克林霉素和沙利度胺也与不良反应发生率增加有关，其中一些可能涉及过敏机制。需要有效的剂量和管理策略来预防或减轻过敏反应的发生。
