Tegzes John H, Puschner Birgit, Melton Larry A
California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System-Toxicology Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
J Vet Diagn Invest. 2003 Sep;15(5):478-80. doi: 10.1177/104063870301500515.
Cyanogenic glycosides are found in many native and naturalized plants throughout North America. The glycosides themselves are not toxic, but they yield hydrogen cyanide (hydrocyanic or prussic acid) when they are hydrolyzed by beta-glycosidases, either as a result of injury to the plant cells or by microbial action in the rumen. Hydrogen cyanide is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Cyanide ion binds with iron in cytochrome oxidase, interfering with cellular respiration. The clinical effects are peracute, often resulting in death less than 1 hour after ingestion. This study describes a case that resulted in significant morbidity and mortality in a herd of goats after exposure to California holly (Heteromeles arbutifolia).
含氰糖苷存在于北美许多原生和归化植物中。糖苷本身无毒，但当它们被β-糖苷酶水解时，会产生氰化氢（氢氰酸或普鲁士酸），这可能是由于植物细胞受损，也可能是由于瘤胃中的微生物作用。氰化氢很容易从胃肠道吸收。氰离子与细胞色素氧化酶中的铁结合，干扰细胞呼吸。临床症状极为急性，摄入后往往不到1小时就会导致死亡。本研究描述了一起山羊群接触加州冬青（Heteromeles arbutifolia）后导致严重发病和死亡的案例。
