McNamara T P, Halpin J A, Hardy J K
Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240.
Mem Cognit. 1992 Sep;20(5):519-32. doi: 10.3758/bf03199584.
A series of experiments investigated whether people could integrate nonspatial information about an object with their knowledge of the object's location in space. In Experiments 1 and 3, subjects learned the locations of cities on a fictitious road map; in Experiments 2, 4, and 5, subjects were already familiar with the locations of buildings on a campus. The subjects then learned facts about the cities on the maps or the buildings on the campus. The question of interest was whether or not these nonspatial facts would be integrated in memory with the spatial knowledge. After learning the facts, subjects were given a location-judgment test in which they had to decide whether an object was in one region of the space or another. Knowledge integration was assessed by comparing levels of performance in two conditions: (a) when a city or a building name was primed by a fact about a neighboring city or building, and (b) when a city or a building name was primed by a fact about a distant city or building. Results showed that responses in Condition a were faster or more accurate, or both faster and more accurate, than responses in Condition b. These results indicate that the spatial and nonspatial information were encoded in a common memory representation.
一系列实验研究了人们是否能够将关于物体的非空间信息与他们对该物体在空间中位置的认知相结合。在实验1和实验3中，受试者学习了虚构路线图上城市的位置；在实验2、实验4和实验5中，受试者已经熟悉校园内建筑物的位置。然后，受试者学习了关于地图上城市或校园内建筑物的事实。感兴趣的问题是，这些非空间事实是否会在记忆中与空间知识相结合。在学习这些事实之后，对受试者进行了位置判断测试，在测试中他们必须决定一个物体是在空间的一个区域还是另一个区域。通过比较两种情况下的表现水平来评估知识整合情况：（a）当一个城市或建筑物名称由关于相邻城市或建筑物的事实引发时，以及（b）当一个城市或建筑物名称由关于遥远城市或建筑物的事实引发时。结果表明，与情况b中的反应相比，情况a中的反应更快、更准确，或者既更快又更准确。这些结果表明，空间和非空间信息被编码在一个共同的记忆表征中。
