Vining L C, Shapiro S, Madduri K, Stuttard C
Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Biotechnol Adv. 1990;8(1):159-83. doi: 10.1016/0734-9750(90)90011-y.
The interaction between growth and secondary metabolism develops from physiological responses of the producer organism to its environment. Nutrients are channelled into primary growth processes or into secondary processes such as antibiotic biosynthesis by a variety of metabolic controls, the nature of which has been extensively studied in organisms producing beta-lactam antibiotics via the tripeptide, delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine. In the following article we review the early stages of beta-lactam biosynthesis in fungi and actinomycetes, keeping in mind the regulation of primary pathways that provide the amino acid precursors of this group of antibiotics, as well as the regulation of the secondary pathway itself. Of special importance to organisms engaging in secondary metabolism are the control mechanisms that suppress the nonessential process during rapid growth but allow secondary metabolic genes to be expressed and resources to be diverted when environmental factors generate the appropriate biochemical signals.
生长与次级代谢之间的相互作用源于生产生物体对其环境的生理反应。通过各种代谢控制，营养物质被导向初级生长过程或次级过程，如抗生素生物合成，其本质已在通过三肽δ-（L-α-氨基己二酰基）-L-半胱氨酰-D-缬氨酸生产β-内酰胺抗生素的生物体中得到广泛研究。在接下来的文章中，我们将回顾真菌和放线菌中β-内酰胺生物合成的早期阶段，同时牢记提供这类抗生素氨基酸前体的初级途径的调控，以及次级途径本身的调控。对于参与次级代谢的生物体而言，特别重要的是控制机制，即在快速生长期间抑制非必要过程，但当环境因素产生适当的生化信号时，允许次级代谢基因表达并使资源转向。
