Fagerström R
Psychiatric Department, Mehiläinen Clinic, Helsinki, Finland.
Psychol Rep. 1992 Dec;71(3 Pt 1):675-86. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1992.71.3.675.
The connection between memory and learning with vision was investigated by studying 100 cataract operation patients, aged 71 to 76 years, 25 of them being men and 75 women. The cataract operation restored sufficient acuity of vision for reading (minimum E-test value 0.40) to 79% of the subjects. Short-term memory was studied with series of numbers, homogenic and heterogenic inhibition, and long sentences. Learning was tested with paired-associate learning and word learning. Psychological symptoms were measured on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and personality on the Mini-Mult MMPI. Memory and learning improved significantly when vision was normalized after the cataract operation. Poor memory and learning scores correlated with monocular vision before the operation and with defects in the field of vision, due to glaucoma and exceeding 20%, postsurgery. Monocular vision and defects in the visual field caused a continuous sense of abnormalness, which impaired old people's ability to concentrate on tasks of memory and learning. Cerebrovascular disturbances, beginning dementia, and moderate psychological symptoms obstructed memory and learning on both test rounds. Depression was the most important psychological symptom contributing to poor memory and learning scores after the cataract operation. The memory and learning defects mainly reflected disturbances in memorizing.
通过对100名年龄在71至76岁之间的白内障手术患者进行研究，探讨了记忆与视觉学习之间的联系，其中25名男性，75名女性。白内障手术使79%的受试者恢复了足以进行阅读的视力（最小E字视力表值为0.40）。通过数字序列、同质性和异质性抑制以及长句子来研究短期记忆。通过配对联想学习和单词学习来测试学习情况。使用简明精神病评定量表测量心理症状，使用小型多项明尼苏达多相人格调查表测量人格。白内障手术后视力恢复正常时，记忆和学习能力显著提高。记忆力和学习成绩差与手术前的单眼视力以及因青光眼导致的视野缺损有关，术后视野缺损超过20%。单眼视力和视野缺损会导致持续的异常感，从而损害老年人集中精力进行记忆和学习任务的能力。脑血管疾病、早期痴呆和中度心理症状在两轮测试中均阻碍了记忆和学习。抑郁是白内障手术后导致记忆力和学习成绩差的最重要心理症状。记忆和学习缺陷主要反映了记忆方面的障碍。
