Magalhães V F, Marinho M M, Domingos P, Oliveira A C, Costa S M, Azevedo L O, Azevedo S M F O
Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Toxicologia de Cianobactérias, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil.
Toxicon. 2003 Sep;42(3):289-95. doi: 10.1016/s0041-0101(03)00144-2.
Blooms of cyanobacteria in water bodies cause serious environmental problems and the occurrence of toxic strains are also related with the human health. Aquatic animals could bioaccumulate microcystins (cyanobacteria hepatotoxins) and so, beyond water, the ingestion of contaminated food represents a human health risk. Recently, WHO recommended a maximum concentration of microcystins (MCYSTs) in drinking water and established the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for consumption of cyanobacteria products contends MCYSTs (0.04 microg(-1) kg(-1) day(-1)). Sepetiba Bay is located in the municipal districts of Rio de Janeiro, Mangaratiba and Itaguai; being an important place of fishing activity. Due to the industrial development in the area, this bay is submitted to different environmental impacts, increasing the organic and industrial pollution. A strain of the nanoplanktonic cyanobacteria Synechocystis aquatilis f. aquatilis that produce MCYSTs was already isolated. In this study, we verified MCYSTs presence in muscle tissue of fish and crustaceans, which were harvested monthly in Sepetiba Bay during 11 months, in order to evaluate the potential risk of their ingestion. MCYSTs were analyzed by immunoassay techniques using the ELISA Microcystin Plate Kit (ENVIROLOGIX INC) and the concentration were expressed as microcystin-LR equivalent. The analyses of seston samples, water, muscle tissues showed the presence of this cyanotoxin in all samples and it was verified that 19% of the animals' samples were above the limit recommended by WHO for human consumption. The maximum value found was of 103.3 microg kg(-1) (TDI 0.52 microg kg(-1) day(-1)) and the minimum, was 0.25 microg kg(-1) in crabs muscle tissue (TDI of 0.001 microg kg(-1) day(-1)). Such data demonstrate that, although in low concentrations, there is already a contamination of fish and crustaceans from Sepetiba Bay. We highlight that the recommended limit refers to healthy adult.
水体中的蓝藻水华会引发严重的环境问题，而且有毒菌株的出现也与人类健康相关。水生动物会生物累积微囊藻毒素（蓝藻肝毒素），因此，除了水之外，摄入受污染的食物也会给人类健康带来风险。最近，世界卫生组织推荐了饮用水中微囊藻毒素（MCYSTs）的最大浓度，并确定了食用含有MCYSTs的蓝藻产品的每日耐受摄入量（TDI）（0.04微克/千克体重/天）。塞佩蒂巴湾位于里约热内卢、曼加拉蒂巴和伊塔瓜伊的市区，是一个重要的渔业活动场所。由于该地区的工业发展，这个海湾受到了不同的环境影响，有机污染和工业污染不断增加。已经分离出了一种能产生MCYSTs的浮游蓝藻——水生集胞藻水生变种。在本研究中，我们对在11个月内每月从塞佩蒂巴湾捕捞的鱼类和甲壳类动物的肌肉组织进行检测，以评估食用这些动物所带来的潜在风险。使用ELISA微囊藻毒素酶标板试剂盒（ENVIROLOGIX INC）通过免疫分析技术对微囊藻毒素进行分析，其浓度以微囊藻毒素-LR当量表示。对悬浮颗粒样本、水和肌肉组织的分析表明，所有样本中均存在这种蓝藻毒素，并且经核实，19%的动物样本超过了世界卫生组织推荐的人类食用限量。在蟹类肌肉组织中发现的最大值为103.3微克/千克（TDI为0.52微克/千克体重/天），最小值为0.25微克/千克（TDI为0.001微克/千克体重/天）。这些数据表明，尽管浓度较低，但塞佩蒂巴湾的鱼类和甲壳类动物已经受到污染。我们强调，推荐的限量是针对健康成年人的。
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