Zachariah Manu G, Thankappan K R, Alex Shiney C, Sarma P S, Vasan R S
Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram.
Indian Heart J. 2003 May-Jun;55(3):245-51.
Hypertension is an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 314 middle-aged subjects (163 men; age range 40-60 years, mean 49 years) in urban Thiruvananthapuram City. Kerala, to estimate the prevalence of hypertension, examine its correlates, and assess the degree of awareness, treatment, and control of high blood pressure. Blood pressure was measured by a nurse graduate using a mercury column sphygmomanometer and a standardized technique. We used multivariable analyses to examine the sociodemographic and clinical correlates of hypertension. The overall prevalence of hypertension in our sample was 54.5% (men 56.3%, women 52.3%). The factors associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension were higher body-mass index (odds ratio for a value in the top tertile of 2.33, 95% confidence interval: 1.2-4.4), and older age (odds ratio for the age group 55-60 years of 2.65, 95% confidence interval: 1.3-5.6). An occupation involving moderate or greater physical activity was inversely associated with the prevalence of hypertension (odds ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.13-0.94). Among hypertensives, 39% were aware of the condition, while 29% were treated with blood pressure-lowering medications. Adequate control of elevated blood pressure was achieved in only 30.6% of treated hypertensives. In our community-based sample, over half of all middle-aged individuals were hypertensive, but less than a third were under treatment. Adequate control of hypertension was achieved in less than a third of the treated individuals.
These observations re-emphasize the need for hypertension awareness programs targeting the general public and the increased use of opportunistic blood pressure screening, and underscore the importance of measures to increase the knowledge of current guidelines for the detection and treatment of hypertension among healthcare providers.
高血压是心血管疾病发病和死亡的重要原因。
我们对印度喀拉拉邦特里凡得琅市市区的314名中年受试者（163名男性；年龄范围40 - 60岁，平均49岁）进行了横断面调查，以估计高血压的患病率，研究其相关因素，并评估高血压的知晓、治疗和控制程度。血压由一名护士毕业生使用汞柱血压计和标准化技术进行测量。我们采用多变量分析来研究高血压的社会人口统计学和临床相关因素。我们样本中高血压的总体患病率为54.5%（男性56.3%，女性52.3%）。与高血压患病率增加相关的因素包括较高的体重指数（最高三分位数的比值比为2.33，95%置信区间：1.2 - 4.4）和较高年龄（55 - 60岁年龄组的比值比为2.65，95%置信区间：1.3 - 5.6）。涉及中度或更高体力活动的职业与高血压患病率呈负相关（比值比0.35，95%置信区间0.13 - 0.94）。在高血压患者中，39%知晓自己的病情，而29%接受了降压药物治疗。仅30.6%接受治疗的高血压患者实现了血压的充分控制。在我们基于社区的样本中，超过一半的中年个体患有高血压，但接受治疗的不到三分之一。不到三分之一接受治疗的个体实现了高血压的充分控制。
这些观察结果再次强调了针对普通公众开展高血压知晓项目以及增加机会性血压筛查的必要性，并强调了采取措施提高医疗服务提供者对当前高血压检测和治疗指南知识的重要性。
