美国成年人晒伤经历的相关因素：2000年国家健康访谈调查结果
Correlates of sunburn experiences among U.S. adults: results of the 2000 National Health Interview Survey.
作者信息
Hall H Irene, Saraiya Mona, Thompson Trevor, Hartman Anne, Glanz Karen, Rimer Barbara
机构信息
Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
出版信息
Public Health Rep. 2003 Nov-Dec;118(6):540-9. doi: 10.1093/phr/118.6.540.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of sunburns in the U.S. adult population and the correlates of sunburns.
METHODS
Data from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey Cancer Control Module were used to calculate the number of sunburns (0, 1, 2, or > or = 3) experienced during the past year by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and skin sensitivity to sun exposure. The relationship between no sunburns vs. one or more sunburns and additional demographic, health, and behavioral factors for adults who self-identify as white Hispanic or white non-Hispanic was assessed using general linear contrasts. Multivariate logistic regression modeling was conducted to determine the most important covariates associated with sunburns. All analyses were weighted for the complex sampling design.
RESULTS
The study data suggest that overall, 18.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.9, 19.1) of U.S. adults experience one sunburn a year, 9.7% (95% CI 9.3, 10.1) experience two, and 8.0% (95% CI 7.6, 8.4) experience > or = 3 sunburns. The data also indicate that adults who self-identify as white non-Hispanic experience sunburns more frequently than (in order of prevalence) those who identify as American Indian/Alaska Native, white Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, or black. Sunburns were found to be more common among men than among women, more common among younger age groups than among older age groups, and more common among those with skin more prone to sunburn than among those with skin less prone to sunburn. Among individuals who self-identify as white Hispanic or white non-Hispanic, protective behaviors associated with lower rates of one or more sunburns in multivariate analyses are staying in the shade (odds ratio [OR] 0.73, 95% CI 0.66, 0.80) and wearing long-sleeved shirts (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.75, 0.99).
CONCLUSIONS
Many American adults have one or more sunburns per year. Methods to protect from sun exposure may not be used as needed to prevent sunburn.
目的
本研究旨在确定美国成年人群中晒伤的发生率以及晒伤的相关因素。
方法
利用2000年国家健康访谈调查癌症控制模块的数据，按年龄、性别、种族/族裔以及皮肤对阳光照射的敏感性，计算过去一年中经历的晒伤次数（0次、1次、2次或≥3次）。对于自我认定为西班牙裔白人或非西班牙裔白人的成年人，使用一般线性对比评估无晒伤与一次或多次晒伤之间的关系以及其他人口统计学、健康和行为因素。进行多变量逻辑回归建模以确定与晒伤相关的最重要协变量。所有分析均针对复杂抽样设计进行加权。
结果
研究数据表明，总体而言，18.5%（95%置信区间[CI] 17.9, 19.1）的美国成年人每年经历一次晒伤，9.7%（95% CI 9.3, 10.1）经历两次，8.0%（95% CI 7.6, 8.4）经历≥3次晒伤。数据还表明，自我认定为非西班牙裔白人的成年人比（按患病率排序）自我认定为美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民、西班牙裔白人、亚裔/太平洋岛民或黑人的成年人更频繁地经历晒伤。晒伤在男性中比在女性中更常见，在较年轻年龄组中比在较年长年龄组中更常见，在皮肤更容易晒伤的人群中比在皮肤不容易晒伤的人群中更常见。在自我认定为西班牙裔白人或非西班牙裔白人的个体中，多变量分析中与一次或多次晒伤发生率较低相关的保护行为是待在阴凉处（优势比[OR] 0.73, 95% CI 0.66, 0.80）和穿长袖衬衫（OR 0.
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