Makar Robert S, Toth Thomas L
Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Am J Clin Pathol. 2002 Jun;117 Suppl:S95-103. doi: 10.1309/W8LJ-K377-DHRA-CP0B.
Infertility is a significant medical problem that affects many couples. Evaluation is the starting point for treatment of infertility as it may suggest specific causes and appropriate treatment modalities. Although the history and physical examination provide important information, specific diagnostic tests are required to evaluate infertility. Because the causes of infertility can be multifactorial, a systematic approach typically is used and involves testing for male factor, ovulatory factor, uterotubal factor, and peritoneal factor. Many of these diagnostic tests are laboratory based, including semen analysis, serum progesterone level, serum basal follicle-stimulating hormone level, and clomiphene citrate challenge, and can be done by the primary care physician. Moreover, by understanding the infertility evaluation, the primary care physician can serve as an important resource for advice about infertility. This article briefly reviews the diagnostic approach to infertility, with particular emphasis on important laboratory tests used for evaluation.
不孕症是一个影响众多夫妇的重大医学问题。评估是不孕症治疗的起点，因为它可能提示具体病因和合适的治疗方式。尽管病史和体格检查能提供重要信息，但评估不孕症仍需要进行特定的诊断测试。由于不孕症的病因可能是多因素的，通常采用系统的方法，包括对男方因素、排卵因素、子宫输卵管因素和腹膜因素进行检测。许多此类诊断测试基于实验室检查，包括精液分析、血清孕酮水平、血清基础卵泡刺激素水平以及枸橼酸氯米芬激发试验，初级保健医生即可进行这些检查。此外，通过了解不孕症评估，初级保健医生可以成为提供不孕症相关建议的重要资源。本文简要回顾了不孕症的诊断方法，特别强调了用于评估的重要实验室检查。
