Youngstrom Eric, Weist Mark D, Albus Kathleen E
Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7123, USA.
Am J Community Psychol. 2003 Sep;32(1-2):115-29. doi: 10.1023/a:1025607226122.
This study examined relationships between violence exposure, other stressors, family support, and self-concept on self-reported behavioral problems among 320 urban adolescents (aged 11-18) referred for mental health treatment. Overall, participants reported high levels of violence exposure, with a median of six past encounters with violence as a witness, victim, or through the experiences of associates. All forms of violence exposure (witnessing, being a victim, knowing of victims) were correlated with internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems for males and females. Total violence exposure predicted behavioral problems among participants, even after controlling for the effects of other risk, demographic and protective factors. Family support and self-concept moderated the influence of life stress and cumulative risk on problem behavior outcomes, but these protective variables did not significantly moderate violence exposure.
本研究调查了320名被转介接受心理健康治疗的城市青少年（年龄在11 - 18岁之间）中，暴力暴露、其他压力源、家庭支持和自我概念与自我报告的行为问题之间的关系。总体而言，参与者报告的暴力暴露水平较高，作为目击者、受害者或通过同伴经历，过去遭遇暴力的中位数为六次。所有形式的暴力暴露（目睹、成为受害者、知晓受害者情况）都与男性和女性的内化及外化行为问题相关。即使在控制了其他风险、人口统计学和保护因素的影响之后，总的暴力暴露仍能预测参与者的行为问题。家庭支持和自我概念调节了生活压力和累积风险对问题行为结果的影响，但这些保护变量并未显著调节暴力暴露的影响。
