Seco José I, Fernández-Pereira Constantino, Vale José
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DIQA), School of Industrial Engineering, University of Seville, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, E-41092, Sevilla, Spain.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2003 Nov;56(3):339-50. doi: 10.1016/s0147-6513(03)00102-7.
This paper examines the ecotoxicity of different actual inorganic wastes containing some potentially toxic metals commonly found in many industrial residues and the reduction in ecotoxicity obtained when the wastes are submitted to a solidification/stabilization process. The ecotoxicity was assessed as defined in the Spanish regulations on hazardous wastes, by means of the Daphnia magna Straus acute toxicity test applied to the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) waste leachate. On the basis of the EC50 values of the individual metals and the effect of the pH of the aqueous medium on D. magna, we have explored a method for estimating the toxicity of the TCLP waste leachate by calculating its EC50 value in the D. magna test. Although the method is only valid in cases in which a clear cause for the toxicity exists, the procedure described allows us to more completely explain the observed effects on the daphnids. The ecotoxicity of the residues after stabilization is less than that of the untreated waste, generally as a consequence of the reduction in metal leachability achieved by the immobilization treatment. The stabilization process was analyzed in terms of both the chemical and the ecotoxicological parameters, and the influence of leachate pH on the objectives of waste treatment is discussed.
本文研究了不同实际无机废物的生态毒性，这些废物含有许多工业废渣中常见的一些潜在有毒金属，并探讨了将这些废物进行固化/稳定化处理后生态毒性的降低情况。按照西班牙危险废物法规中的定义，通过对毒性特性浸出程序（TCLP）废物浸出液进行大型溞（Daphnia magna Straus）急性毒性试验来评估生态毒性。基于各金属的半数有效浓度（EC50）值以及水介质pH值对大型溞的影响，我们探索了一种通过计算TCLP废物浸出液在大型溞试验中的EC50值来估算其毒性的方法。尽管该方法仅在存在明确毒性原因的情况下有效，但所描述的程序使我们能够更全面地解释观察到的对大型溞的影响。稳定化处理后残渣的生态毒性低于未处理废物的生态毒性，这通常是由于固定化处理降低了金属的浸出性。从化学和生态毒理学参数两方面对稳定化过程进行了分析，并讨论了浸出液pH值对废物处理目标的影响。
