Wright Gerard D
Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2003 Oct;7(5):563-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2003.08.004.
Microbial resistance to antibiotics is manifested by changes in antibiotic permeability, alteration of target molecules, enzymatic degradation of the antibiotics, and efflux of antimicrobials from the cytosol. Bacteria and other microorganisms use all of these mechanisms to evade the toxic effects of antibiotics. Recent research on the molecular aspects of these mechanisms, often informed by atomic resolution structures of proteins, enzymes and nucleic acids involved in these processes, has deepened our understanding of antibiotic action and resistance and, in several cases, spurred the development of strategies to overcome resistance in vitro and in vivo.
微生物对抗生素的耐药性表现为抗生素通透性的改变、靶分子的改变、抗生素的酶促降解以及抗菌药物从胞质溶胶中的外排。细菌和其他微生物利用所有这些机制来逃避抗生素的毒性作用。最近对这些机制分子层面的研究，通常得益于参与这些过程的蛋白质、酶和核酸的原子分辨率结构，加深了我们对抗生素作用和耐药性的理解，并且在一些情况下，推动了在体外和体内克服耐药性策略的发展。
