Monsonego Alon, Weiner Howard L
Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):834-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1088469.
Although neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease are not classically considered mediated by inflammation or the immune system, in some instances the immune system may play an important role in the degenerative process. Furthermore, it has become clear that the immune system itself may have beneficial effects in nervous system diseases considered neurodegenerative. Immunotherapeutic approaches designed to induce a humoral immune response have recently been developed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. These studies have led to human trials that resulted in both beneficial and adverse effects. In animal models, it has also been shown that immunotherapy designed to induce a cellular immune response may be of benefit in central nervous system injury, although T cells may have either a beneficial or detrimental effect depending on the type of T cell response induced. These areas provide a new avenue for exploring immune system-based therapy of neurodegenerative diseases and will be discussed here with a primary focus on Alzheimer's disease. We will also discuss how these approaches affect microglia activation, which plays a key role in therapy of such diseases.
尽管像阿尔茨海默病这样的神经退行性疾病通常不被认为是由炎症或免疫系统介导的，但在某些情况下，免疫系统可能在退行性过程中发挥重要作用。此外，已经明确的是，免疫系统本身在被视为神经退行性疾病的神经系统疾病中可能具有有益作用。最近已开发出旨在诱导体液免疫反应的免疫治疗方法用于治疗阿尔茨海默病。这些研究已导致进行人体试验，试验产生了有益和不良两种效果。在动物模型中，也已表明旨在诱导细胞免疫反应的免疫疗法可能对中枢神经系统损伤有益，尽管T细胞根据所诱导的T细胞反应类型可能具有有益或有害作用。这些领域为探索基于免疫系统的神经退行性疾病治疗提供了新途径，本文将主要围绕阿尔茨海默病对此进行讨论。我们还将讨论这些方法如何影响小胶质细胞激活，而小胶质细胞激活在此类疾病的治疗中起着关键作用。
