Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Animal Model, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases Beijing, Beijing, China.
Animal Model Exp Med. 2022 Feb;5(1):15-26. doi: 10.1002/ame2.12207. Epub 2022 Jan 29.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder. The pathology of AD is characterized by extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, neuronal death, synapse loss, and brain atrophy. Many therapies have been tested to improve or at least effectively modify the course of AD. Meaningful data indicate that the transplantation of stem cells can alleviate neuropathology and significantly ameliorate cognitive deficits in animal models with Alzheimer's disease. Transplanted stem cells have shown their inherent advantages in improving cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction, although certain weaknesses or limitations need to be overcome. This review recapitulates rodent models for AD, the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells, influencing factors, and the underlying mechanisms behind these changes. Stem cell therapy provides perspective and challenges for its clinical application in the future.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种神经退行性疾病。AD 的病理学特征为细胞外淀粉样β（Aβ）斑块、由过度磷酸化 tau 组成的神经纤维缠结、神经元死亡、突触丧失和脑萎缩。已经有许多疗法被测试用于改善或至少有效改变 AD 的病程。有意义的数据表明，干细胞移植可以减轻神经病理学，并在阿尔茨海默病动物模型中显著改善认知缺陷。移植的干细胞在改善认知障碍和记忆功能障碍方面表现出了固有优势，尽管需要克服某些弱点或局限性。这篇综述回顾了 AD 的啮齿动物模型、干细胞的治疗效果、影响因素以及这些变化背后的潜在机制。干细胞治疗为其未来的临床应用提供了展望和挑战。
