Maass Anne, Cadinu Mara, Guarnieri Gaia, Grasselli Annalisa
Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003 Nov;85(5):853-70. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.853.
Two laboratory experiments investigated the hypothesis that threat to male identity would increase the likelihood of gender harassment. In both experiments, using the computer harassment paradigm, male university students (N=80 in Experiment 1, N=90 in Experiment 2) were exposed to different types of identity threat (legitimacy threat and threat to group value in Experiment 1 and distinctiveness threat and prototypicality threat in Experiment 2) or to no threat and were then given the opportunity to send pornographic material to a virtual female interaction partner. Results show that (a) participants harassed the female interaction partner more when they were exposed to a legitimacy, distinctiveness, or prototypicality threat than to no threat; (b) this was mainly true for highly identified males; and (c) harassment enhanced postexperimental gender identification. Results are interpreted as supporting a social identity account of gender harassment.
两项实验室实验对“男性身份受到威胁会增加性别骚扰的可能性”这一假设进行了研究。在这两项实验中，采用计算机骚扰范式，让男性大学生（实验1中N = 80，实验2中N = 90）面临不同类型的身份威胁（实验1中的合法性威胁和群体价值威胁，实验2中的独特性威胁和典型性威胁）或无威胁，然后给予他们向虚拟女性互动伙伴发送色情材料的机会。结果表明：（a）与无威胁相比，当参与者面临合法性、独特性或典型性威胁时，他们对女性互动伙伴的骚扰更多；（b）这主要适用于高度认同男性身份的参与者；（c）骚扰增强了实验后的性别认同。研究结果被解释为支持对性别骚扰的社会身份解释。
