Desneux N, Rafalimanana H, Kaiser L
Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Comparée des Invertébrés, INRA, BP 23, 91440 Bures-sur-Yvette, France.
Chemosphere. 2004 Feb;54(5):619-27. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.09.007.
Neurotoxic insecticides are widely used for crop protection and behavioural perturbations can be expected in surviving beneficial insects, including parasitoids of pest insects. The present study aims to investigate the relationship between the dose of insecticide parasitoids have been exposed to, and the subsequent ability of these parasitoids to respond to host-related cues. A four-armed olfactometer, a design widely used to observe orientation responses in various insects and parasitoids in particular, was chosen to investigate the dose-response relationship. The species studied was Aphidius ervi, a relatively generalist parasitoid of aphids, and commercialised for biological control and integrated pest management. Active ingredients with similar and different modes of action on the nervous system were compared: a pyrethroid (lambda-cyhalothrin), an organophosphate (chlorpyrifos), a carbamate (pirimicarb) and a carbamyltriazole (triazamate). Adult females were exposed to dry residues on glass for 24 h. LD50 were calculated and predicted a high risk of mortality at the field application rate. The effect of five increasing residual doses of each active ingredient was tested on responses to plant-host odour in the olfactometer, from sublethal doses to LD50, and up to LD70 for some products. It appeared that none of the doses of lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorpyriphos and pirimicarb had any effect on A. ervi responses to the odour from the aphid-infested plant (Myzus persicae on oilseed rape). But for triazamate, a significant dose-behavioural response was quantified and attraction to the odour was no longer significant in females surviving the LD50. The possible explanations for the presence or absence of effect, depending on the insecticide are discussed.
神经毒性杀虫剂被广泛用于作物保护，预计存活下来的有益昆虫，包括害虫的寄生蜂，会出现行为紊乱。本研究旨在调查寄生蜂接触杀虫剂的剂量与这些寄生蜂随后对宿主相关线索作出反应的能力之间的关系。选用了一种四臂嗅觉仪，这是一种广泛用于观察各种昆虫，尤其是寄生蜂定向反应的设计，来研究剂量反应关系。所研究的物种是豌豆蚜茧蜂，它是一种相对广谱的蚜虫寄生蜂，已商业化用于生物防治和综合害虫管理。比较了对神经系统具有相似和不同作用方式的活性成分：一种拟除虫菊酯（高效氯氟氰菊酯）、一种有机磷（毒死蜱）、一种氨基甲酸酯（抗蚜威）和一种氨基甲酰三唑（唑虫酰胺）。成年雌性暴露于玻璃上的干燥残留物24小时。计算了半数致死剂量（LD50），并预测在田间施用量下有很高的死亡率风险。测试了每种活性成分的五个递增残留剂量对嗅觉仪中对植物宿主气味反应的影响，从亚致死剂量到LD50，对于某些产品甚至高达LD70。结果表明，高效氯氟氰菊酯、毒死蜱和抗蚜威的任何剂量对豌豆蚜茧蜂对蚜虫侵染植物（油菜上的桃蚜）气味的反应均无影响。但对于唑虫酰胺，量化了显著的剂量 - 行为反应，并且在存活LD50的雌性中对气味的吸引力不再显著。讨论了根据杀虫剂不同而产生有无影响的可能解释。
