Vupputuri Suma, Sandler Dale P
Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research, Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
Ann Epidemiol. 2003 Nov;13(10):712-20. doi: 10.1016/s1047-2797(03)00066-8.
To examine the effects of lifestyle risk factors such as alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and body mass index (BMI) on the development of chronic kidney disease.
We used a case-control study of 554 hospital cases and 516 age, race, and gender-matched community controls. The main outcome measure was newly-diagnosed chronic kidney disease, assessed by chart review. Self-reported history of alcohol consumption, smoking, and BMI as well as other co-variables were obtained during telephone interviews. Logistic regression models assessed the association between lifestyle risk factors and chronic kidney disease and were adjusted for important co-variables.
We found no significant associations between alcohol consumption and chronic kidney disease, with the exception of moonshine, which resulted in an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (including all subtypes). The effects of smoking on chronic kidney disease were inconsistent, but pointed to no appreciable excess risk among smokers. Increasing quartiles of BMI were positively and significantly associated with nephrosclerosis (ORs [95% CI]: 2.5 [1.0-6.0], 2.8 [1.2-6.8] and 4.6 [1.8-11.6], for the second, third, and fourth quartiles of BMI, respectively).
Our study revealed a significant positive association between BMI and nephrosclerosis. We did not find an increased risk of chronic kidney disease associated with alcohol or cigarette smoking.
研究饮酒、吸烟和体重指数（BMI）等生活方式风险因素对慢性肾脏病发展的影响。
我们采用病例对照研究，选取了554例医院病例以及516例年龄、种族和性别匹配的社区对照。主要结局指标为新诊断的慢性肾脏病，通过病历审查进行评估。在电话访谈中获取了自我报告的饮酒、吸烟史、BMI以及其他协变量。逻辑回归模型评估了生活方式风险因素与慢性肾脏病之间的关联，并对重要协变量进行了校正。
我们发现，除私酿酒外，饮酒与慢性肾脏病之间无显著关联，私酿酒会增加慢性肾脏病（包括所有亚型）的发病风险。吸烟对慢性肾脏病的影响并不一致，但表明吸烟者中无明显额外风险。BMI四分位数增加与肾硬化呈显著正相关（BMI第二、第三和第四四分位数的OR值[95%CI]分别为：2.5[1.0 - 6.0]、2.8[1.2 - 6.8]和4.6[1.8 - 11.6]）。
我们的研究揭示了BMI与肾硬化之间存在显著正相关。我们未发现饮酒或吸烟会增加慢性肾脏病的发病风险。
