Schröder O, Stein J
Medizinische Klinik, Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie, Klinikum der Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt.
MMW Fortschr Med. 2002 Dec 12;144(50):32-4.
In industrial countries more than half of women complain of nausea and vomiting during the first trimenon. Morning sickness, the common term of gestational nausea and vomiting, is usually temporary and harmless, it persists in less than 20% of all pregnancies. Maternal and fetal prognosis of uncomplicated emesis gravidarum is good. The responsible hormone as the pathogenetical trigger has not been defined yet, genetical and psychosocial factors may influence the intensity and duration of disease. The uncomplicated emesis has to be distinguished from hyperemesis gravidarum, a disorder which occurs in 0.3-2% of all pregnancies and is potentially of life-threatening character. While the uncomplicated form generally does not need any special therapy, hyperemesis gravidarum requires immediate compensation of fluid- and electrolyte loss, adequate supplementation of calories and vitamins as well as antiemetic therapy. Prospective studies have demonstrated that antihistamines are safe and effective for treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, in addition, also metoclopramide posses a high efficacy and safety profile.
在工业化国家，超过半数的女性在妊娠头三个月会出现恶心和呕吐症状。孕吐是孕期恶心和呕吐的常见说法，通常是暂时且无害的，在所有妊娠中持续存在的情况不到20%。单纯性妊娠剧吐的母婴预后良好。作为发病诱因的相关激素尚未明确，遗传和心理社会因素可能会影响该病的严重程度和持续时间。单纯性呕吐必须与妊娠剧吐相区分，妊娠剧吐在所有妊娠中发生率为0.3%-2%，具有潜在的危及生命的特征。虽然单纯性呕吐一般无需特殊治疗，但妊娠剧吐需要立即补充液体和电解质丢失、充分补充热量和维生素以及进行止吐治疗。前瞻性研究表明，抗组胺药治疗妊娠恶心和呕吐安全有效，此外，甲氧氯普胺也具有高效和安全的特点。
