Boyce R A
Key Centre in Strategic Management, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1992 Jun;92(6):733-6.
Hyperemesis gravidarum occurs in up to 2% of pregnancies. Hospitalization is commonly required to treat dehydration and electrolyte and metabolic imbalances. Severe forms of hyperemesis gravidarum involving weight loss greater than 5% of prepregnancy weight have been associated with poor fetal growth and outcome. Hyperemesis gravidarum is a high-risk condition from a nutritional perspective. Traditional approaches to nutrition management focus on the cautious introduction of fluids and low-fat solids following resolution of acute nausea and vomiting. When trials of oral feeding fail to be tolerated, consideration should be given to the enteral route as the means of nutritional rehabilitation. A carefully designed delivery regimen combined with antiemetic therapy can prevent abdominal or sensory episodes that might precipitate further vomiting. Two case studies of the successful use of enteral nutrition in hyperemesis gravidarum are presented. Although clinical experience is limited and further research is needed, early results suggest that enteral nutrition in hyperemesis gravidarum is an effective and safe technique.
妊娠剧吐在高达2%的妊娠中出现。通常需要住院治疗脱水以及电解质和代谢失衡。妊娠剧吐的严重形式，即体重减轻超过孕前体重的5%，与胎儿生长和结局不良有关。从营养角度来看，妊娠剧吐是一种高危情况。传统的营养管理方法侧重于在急性恶心和呕吐缓解后谨慎引入液体和低脂固体食物。当口服喂养试验无法耐受时，应考虑采用肠内途径作为营养康复的手段。精心设计的给药方案与止吐治疗相结合，可以预防可能引发进一步呕吐的腹部或感觉性发作。本文介绍了两例成功使用肠内营养治疗妊娠剧吐的案例。尽管临床经验有限且需要进一步研究，但早期结果表明，妊娠剧吐的肠内营养是一种有效且安全的技术。
