Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, St Marys Imperial NHS Trust, London, UK.
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2011 Apr;12(5):737-48. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2010.537655. Epub 2011 Mar 1.
Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy remains the most common cause of hospitalization in the first half of pregnancy. Although the exact cause is largely unknown, an interaction of genetic, biological and psychological factors is plausible. An endocrine trigger for hyperemesis has been linked with both ovarian and placental hormones, but this association requires further clarification. The use of type-3 serotonin receptor antagonists is increasing but as yet there are no convincing data to demonstrate their superiority over the other antiemetics.
A computerized search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Cinahl, Lilacs, ISI Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (all from inception or 1960 to October 2010), and Research Registries of ongoing trials. The key words used were nausea, vomiting, emesis, hyperemesis gravidarum, morning sickness, pregnancy, pregnancy complications, treatment, efficacy, effectiveness, antiemetics, safety and teratogenesis.
The precise mechanism underlying hyperemesis gravidarum remains unclear, but appears to be multifactorial. As yet there is no evidence that any antiemetic class is superior to another with respect to effectiveness.
妊娠恶心和呕吐仍然是妊娠前半期住院的最常见原因。尽管确切的原因在很大程度上尚不清楚，但遗传、生物和心理因素的相互作用是合理的。有人认为，妊娠剧吐与卵巢和胎盘激素之间存在内分泌触发因素，但这种关联需要进一步澄清。使用 5-HT3 受体拮抗剂的情况日益增加，但目前尚无令人信服的数据表明其优于其他止吐药。
使用 PubMed、Embase、Cinahl、Lilacs、ISI Web of Science、Cochrane 对照试验中心注册库（均从开始或 1960 年至 2010 年 10 月）和正在进行的试验研究登记处进行了计算机检索。使用的关键词是恶心、呕吐、呕吐、妊娠剧吐、晨吐、妊娠、妊娠并发症、治疗、疗效、有效性、止吐药、安全性和致畸性。
妊娠剧吐的确切机制仍不清楚，但似乎是多因素的。目前尚无证据表明任何一类止吐药在疗效方面优于其他类。
