Aleman André, Böcker Koen B E, Hijman Ron, de Haan Edward H F, Kahn René S
Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Schizophr Res. 2003 Nov 15;64(2-3):175-85. doi: 10.1016/s0920-9964(03)00060-4.
Hallucinations in schizophrenia have been regarded to result from the erroneous attribution of internally generated information to an external source. Distortions in mental imagery may underlie such confusions. We investigated performance of 77 subjects on multiple behavioral measures of auditory and visual mental imagery and perception, and a measure of reality monitoring. Comparisons were made between performance of schizophrenia patients with (N=22) and without (N=35) hallucinations and matched normal comparison subjects (N=20), after controlling for attentional factors. No differences emerged on any of the mental imagery measures, nor on reality monitoring accuracy. This suggests that there is no stable disposition towards abnormal mental imagery associated with hallucinations. However, for patients with active hallucinations (N=12), hallucination severity correlated positively with a measure of imagery-perception interaction in the auditory modality, r=0.70, p=0.01. Although preliminary, this finding is consistent with recent theoretical proposals in which hallucinations have been suggested to result from an increased influence of top-down sensory expectations on conscious perception.
精神分裂症中的幻觉被认为是由于将内部产生的信息错误归因于外部来源所致。心理意象的扭曲可能是这种混淆的基础。我们调查了77名受试者在听觉和视觉心理意象与感知的多种行为测量以及现实监测测量方面的表现。在控制注意力因素后，对有幻觉（N = 22）和无幻觉（N = 35）的精神分裂症患者以及匹配的正常对照受试者（N = 20）的表现进行了比较。在任何心理意象测量或现实监测准确性方面均未出现差异。这表明不存在与幻觉相关的异常心理意象的稳定倾向。然而，对于有活跃幻觉的患者（N = 12），幻觉严重程度与听觉模态中意象 - 感知相互作用的一项测量呈正相关，r = 0.70，p = 0.01。尽管这是初步的，但这一发现与最近的理论提议一致，在这些提议中，幻觉被认为是由自上而下的感官期望对意识感知的影响增加所致。
