Berlin Ivan, Singleton Edward G, Pedarriosse Anne-Marie, Lancrenon Sylvie, Rames Alexis, Aubin Henri-Jean, Niaura Raymond
Département de Pharmacologie, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
Addiction. 2003 Nov;98(11):1575-83. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00523.x.
To assess the validity of the French version of the Modified Reasons for Smoking Scale (MRSS), and to identify which smoking patterns differentiate male and female smokers, which are related to tobacco dependence (as assessed by the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence, FTND), to mood (Beck Depression Inventory II), to affect (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) and which are predictors of successful quitting.
Three hundred and thirty smokers [(mean +/- SD) aged 40 +/- 9 years, 145 (44%) women, mean FTND score: 6.2 +/- 2], candidates for a smoking cessation programme and smoking at least 15 cigarettes/day.
Factor analysis of the 21-item scale gave the optimal fit for a seven-factor model, which accounted for 62.3% of the total variance. The following factors were identified: 'addictive smoking', 'pleasure from smoking', 'tension reduction/relaxation', 'social smoking', 'stimulation', 'habit/automatism' and 'handling'. The 'addictive smoking' score increased in a dose-dependent manner with number of cigarettes smoked per day; the 'habit/automatism' score was significantly higher, with more than 20 cigarettes per day than with < or = 20 cigarettes per day. The reasons for smoking were different for males and females: females scored higher on 'tension reduction/relaxation', 'stimulation' and 'social smoking'. A high level of dependence (FTND > or = 6) was associated with significantly higher scores only on 'addictive smoking', the association being stronger in females. Time to first cigarette after awakening was associated with higher 'addictive smoking' and 'habit/automatism' (P < 0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression, failed quitting was predicted by higher habit/automatism score (odds ratio = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.06-1.95, P = 0.02) and greater number of cigarettes smoked per day (odds ratio = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01-1.06, p = 0.03).
The questionnaire yielded a coherent factor structure; women smoked more for tension reduction/relaxation, stimulation and for social reasons than men; addictive smoking and automatic smoking behaviour were similar in both sexes and were associated strongly with a high level of nicotine dependence; the 'habit/automatism' score predicted failure to quit over and above cigarettes per day.
评估法语版改良吸烟原因量表（MRSS）的有效性，并确定哪些吸烟模式能区分男性和女性吸烟者，哪些与烟草依赖（通过尼古丁依赖Fagerström测试，FTND评估）、情绪（贝克抑郁量表第二版）、情感（正负情感量表）相关，以及哪些是成功戒烟的预测因素。
330名吸烟者[（平均±标准差）年龄40±9岁，145名（44%）女性，平均FTND得分：6.2±2]，均为戒烟项目的候选人，且每天至少吸15支烟。
对这个包含21个条目的量表进行因子分析，得到一个七因子模型的最佳拟合，该模型解释了总方差的62.3%。确定了以下几个因子：“成瘾性吸烟”、“吸烟带来的愉悦感”、“减轻紧张/放松”、“社交性吸烟”、“刺激”、“习惯/自动化行为”和“手部动作”。“成瘾性吸烟”得分随每日吸烟量呈剂量依赖性增加；“习惯/自动化行为”得分在每天吸超过20支烟时显著高于每天吸≤20支烟时。男性和女性的吸烟原因不同：女性在“减轻紧张/放松”、“刺激”和“社交性吸烟”方面得分更高。高尼古丁依赖水平（FTND≥6）仅与“成瘾性吸烟”得分显著更高相关，且在女性中这种关联更强。醒来后至第一支烟的时间与更高的“成瘾性吸烟”和“习惯/自动化行为”相关（P<0.001）。在多因素逻辑回归分析中，更高的“习惯/自动化行为”得分（比值比=1.44, 95%置信区间=1.06 - 1.95, P = 0.02）和每日吸烟量更多（比值比=1.03, 95%置信区间=1.01 - 1.06, p = 0.03）可预测戒烟失败。
该问卷产生了一个连贯的因子结构；女性因减轻紧张/放松、刺激和社交原因吸烟比男性更多；成瘾性吸烟和自动吸烟行为在两性中相似，且与高尼古丁依赖水平密切相关；“习惯/自动化行为”得分比每日吸烟量更能预测戒烟失败。
